Key Anatomical Structures in the Human Body

Question 1

What are the major bones of the human body?

Answer 1

Cranium, clavicle, scapula, humerus, femur, tibia, fibula, vertebrae, etc.

Question 2

What type of joint is found at the shoulder and hip?

Answer 2

Ball-and-socket joint.

Question 3

What type of joint is found at the elbow and knee?

Answer 3

Hinge joint.

Question 4

What is the function of the vertebrae?

Answer 4

Protects the spinal cord and supports body structure.

Question 5

What type of joint allows rotation of the head?

Answer 5

Pivot joint (atlas-axis joint).

Question 6

Name three major muscles in the upper body.

Answer 6

Deltoid, biceps, triceps.

Question 7

Name three major muscles in the lower body.

Answer 7

Quadriceps, gluteus maximus, hamstrings.

Question 8

What are the four main muscle groups based on function?

Answer 8

Flexors, extensors, abductors, adductors.

Question 9

What is the function of the biceps muscle?

Answer 9

Flexion of the elbow joint.

Question 10

What is the function of the quadriceps?

Answer 10

Extension of the knee joint.

Question 11

What are the major structures of the brain?

Answer 11

Cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, brainstem.

Question 12

How is the spinal cord divided?

Answer 12

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral segments.

Question 13

What is the function of the sciatic nerve?

Answer 13

It controls movement and sensation in the lower limbs.

Question 14

What is the primary function of the cerebellum?

Answer 14

Coordination of movement and balance.

Question 15

Which nerve is responsible for sensation in the hand?

Answer 15

Ulnar nerve.

Question 16

Name the four chambers of the heart.

Answer 16

Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle.

Question 17

What is the function of the mitral valve?

Answer 17

Prevents backflow of blood between the left atrium and left ventricle.

Question 18

What is the largest artery in the body?

Answer 18

Aorta.

Question 19

What is the function of the superior vena cava?

Answer 19

Returns deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the heart.

Question 20

What is the function of carotid arteries?

Answer 20

Supply oxygenated blood to the brain.

Question 21

What are the main structures of the lungs?

Answer 21

Left and right lobes, bronchi, alveoli.

Question 22

What is the function of the alveoli?

Answer 22

Gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide).

Question 23

What structure connects the mouth/nose to the lungs?

Answer 23

Trachea.

Question 24

What is the function of bronchioles?

Answer 24

Distribute air to alveoli for gas exchange.

Question 25

What is the main muscle involved in breathing?

Answer 25

Diaphragm.

Question 26

Name the main organs of the digestive system.

Answer 26

Oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas, gallbladder.

Question 27

What is the function of the stomach?

Answer 27

Breakdown and digestion of food using acid and enzymes.

Question 28

Where does nutrient absorption occur?

Answer 28

Small intestine.

Question 29

What is the function of the liver in digestion?

Answer 29

Produces bile to help digest fats.

Question 30

What is the function of the pancreas in digestion?

Answer 30

Produces digestive enzymes and regulates blood sugar.