Definitions or Explanations Flashcards
(161 cards)
0
Q
Money, assets, and property owned by a company?
A
Capital
1
Q
Organized market where shares are traded
A
Stock exchange
2
Q
The total value of shares of a company?
A
Share capital
3
Q
A person that owns (holds) shares
A
Shareholder
4
Q
The condition when a company is unable to pay its liabilities?
A
Bankruptcy
5
Q
Collecting money for a worthy case
A
Fundraising
6
Q
Money available to a company trough its shares
A
Equity finance
7
Q
To buy and sell shares
A
To trade shares
8
Q
Money invested in a new business?
A
Start-up capital
9
Q
Someone you owe money to?
A
Creditor
10
Q
Money paid to shareholders from company profit?
A
Dividend
11
Q
The cost of borrowing money?
A
Interest rate
12
Q
A system of comparing share prices to a prvious level?
A
Share index
13
Q
Making shares available on the stock exchange?
A
Going public
14
Q
Equal parts of ownership of a company?
A
Equities/shares/stocks
15
Q
Shares of large financially sound companies?
A
Blue chips
16
Q
A company’s ability to pay debts
A
Creditworthiness
17
Q
Developing and less developed countries
A
The third world
18
Q
Removing barriers to trade
A
Trade liberalization
19
Q
Only one company offers goods or services in a market and so it can dictate prices
A
Monopoly
20
Q
Quantity or value restrictions on imports
A
Quotas
21
Q
When companies agree to fix prices together instead of competing
A
Cartel
22
Q
A factor that prevents rivals from entering the market
A
Barrier to entry
23
Q
Buying goods directly from producers at a fair price
A
Fair trade
24
The tendency for the world economy to function as a whole
Globalization
25
Taxes on imported goods also called import duties
Import tariffs
26
Selling below production costs
Dumping
27
When suply exceeds demand
Saturation (zasičenost)
28
Imports exceed exports
Trade deficit
29
Government money to support domestic farming or industry
Subsidy
30
Using import to help your country's trade
Protectionism
31
Companies try to sell more and make more profit than rivals
Competition
32
The difference between payments for exports and imports
Balance of payments
33
A blockade of all of one country's trade by another
Embargo
34
Something that makes a company more able to compete
Comparative advantage
35
Exports exceed imports
Trade surplus
36
A measure imposed to punish a country for various reasons
Sanction
37
An increase in the price of goods set by retailers or dealers
Mark-up
38
A person or organisation that helps arrange deals
Intermediary
39
A system for moving goods from producers to consumers
Distribution channel
40
The business of carrying goods by road or rail
Haulage
41
Collection, transportation and delivery of goods
Forwarding
42
The management of the flow of products from raw materials to finished goods
Logistics
43
Buying servicesfrom other companies rather than providing your own
Outsourcing
44
A series of organisations involved in the movement of goods
Supply chain
45
A body representing organization within the same trade
Trade association
46
Goods carried in large quantities by plane, ship, road, or train
Freight
47
A load of goods send by road, rail, air, or sea
Shipment
48
Storing goods in large quantities called stock or inventory
Warehousing
49
A reduction in price offered to a business
Trade discount
50
A large request for goods or services
Bulk order
51
Goods not ready for sale
Unfinished goods
52
The sum paid for transport of goods
Shipping costs
53
Substances used to make goods
Raw materials
54
A reduction in price for payment in cash
Cash discount
55
A document showing that goods have beed delivered
Delivery note
56
Notification that an order has been accepted
Order confirmation
57
An unpaid account that will probably never be paid
Bad debt
58
An area beside a warehouse for loading trucks
Loading bay
59
Everything a company owns that has monetary value
Assets
60
Money owed to the company by customers
Accounts receivable
61
The most liquid of all assets
Cash
62
A fixed asset that does not wear out or depreciate
Land
63
Easily converted into cash within one year
Current assets
64
A snapshot of company financial position at a point in time
Balance sheet
65
All liabilities owed to creditors in more than one year
Long-term liabilities
66
A short-term obligations to suppliers
Accounts payable
67
Profits reinvested in the business after dividends are paid
Retained earnings
68
Land and buildings
Property
69
Debts owed by the company to creditors
Liabilities
70
Owners investment in the company and retained earnings
Stockholders earnings
71
Cost of heating, electricity, phone usage...
Utilities
72
Net sales less cost of goods sold
Gross profit
73
Daily expenses; selling, general and administrative expenses
Operating expenses
74
Costs directly related to the production of goods
COGS
75
A record of company's profit and loss over a period of time
Income statement
76
Total revenues before paying expenses
Top line
77
Annual loss in the value of equipment, computers, machinery
Depreciation
78
Cash outflows
Expenses
79
Cash inflows from sales
Revenue
80
Net profit
Bottom line
81
An employee who acts as an entrepreneur within a company by being innovative and creative
Intrapreneur
82
A person that starts a business or a venture by taking risk and responsibility for the results, expecting to make a profit
Entrepreneur
83
Private equity capital provided by a person or investment firm for growth companies involving high risk but potentially high returns
Venture capital
84
A newly created business
Start-up
85
A detailed plan for setting up and developing a business written to raise finance
Business plan
86
Responsibility for debts with personal property
Unlimited liability
87
Money invested in anew business by friends and family
Seed money/capital
88
A document giving a company a name, aim, headquarters and share capital
Memorandum of association
89
A document outlining the duties and rights of directors and shareholders
Articles of association
90
The act of forming a registered company
Incorporation
91
Profits that a company expects to make in the future
Profit forecast
92
A company that is at least half-owned by another company
Subsidiary
93
Movement of money into and out of a firm
Cash flow
94
A large business organization that consists of several companies that all have the same owner
Group
95
Programmes to support entrepreneurial activity and start-up companies, including research or technology parks
Business incubator
96
A company that primarily does business on the internet
Dot-com
97
A company that owns at least half the shares in another company
Parent/holding company
98
Gross sales
Turnover
99
Money that a company expects to make in the future after subtracting costs
Profit forecast/projection
100
The legal situation when a company is not able to pay its debts
Bankruptcy
101
Income equals expenditure
Break-even
102
Growing by increasing sales without mergers or aquisitions
Internal growth
103
Growing fast by mergers and aquisitions
External growth
104
A company buying another company
Acquirer/bidder
105
Two or more companies cooperate in a project or enterprise; they share the investment and the profit or loss, but remain separate entities
Joint venture
106
A company to be taken over because of its assets, cash, or business potential
Target (firm)
107
Managers of a company buy a controlling stake in the company
Management buyout (MBO)
108
A joining of two or more companies resulting in a new company
Merger
109
A company making a hostile takeover
Raider
110
A combination of two companies producing similar goods or services
Horizontal merger
111
A company buys an ownership stake in the target company greater than 50%
Takeover
112
Over 50% of company shares
Majority stake
113
A company buying out its suppliers and/or customers
Vertical integration
114
Buying a controling stake of a company by usnig a large amount of borrowed koney (up to 90%)
Leveraged buyout (LBO)
115
Determining the value of a company
Company valuation
116
An aquisition that is welcomed by the management of the target firm
Friendly takeover
117
The market value of all company stocks
Market capitalization
118
Careful investigation of a potential investment
Due diligence
119
Making an offer to the target company's shareholders to buy their shares
Takeover bid
120
Laws concerning anti-competitive concentrations of market power
Competition (antitrust) legislation
121
An acquisition that is opposed by the management of the target company
Hostile takeover
122
Good quality at a reasonable price
Value for money
123
Customer group with similar needs and wants
Customer segment
124
Point of sale, place where goods are sold
Retail outlet
125
Collecting first-hand info through direct contact with people
Field research
126
Identity od a product or service
Brand
127
A selling point of a product
Product feature
128
A group of consumers providing opinions about products
Focus group
129
Gathering information about a market
Market research
130
A written set of questions given to people to collect data
Questionnaire
131
The product (or company) with the largest market share
Market leader
132
A method of communicating and publicizing a product
Promotion
133
Funds allocated for marketing activities
Marketing budget
134
Percentage of all sales a company makes in a market
Market share
135
A memorable song or tune used in commercials
Jingle
136
A large outdoor structure used for advertising, either traditional with posters, mechanical, or digital
Billboard
137
A sign or symbol used as a trademark used to represent a company or brand
Logo
138
A catchy phrase used in advertising
Slogan
139
The amount of advertising, either paid or unpaid
Media coverage
140
A series of advertising activities with specific objectives
Advertising campaign
141
An advertisment broadcast on TV or radio
Commercial
142
A person that writes the text od advertisements
Copywriter
143
Promotion of a product by a celebrity
Endorsement
144
The written part of advertisement
Copy
145
The group of people an advert is intended for
Target audience
146
A booklet with advertising material
Brochure
147
The time when most viewers watch TV; the best time for ads
Prime time
148
A small leaflet used to advertise something
Flyer
149
Sneding by post
Direct mailing
150
Show how a product works
Product demonstration
151
Different ways of providing information and advertising
Media
152
Financially supporting an event in exchange for advertising a product
Sponsorship
153
Attractive arrangement of products in a shop
Store display
154
Telling the public about a product or company to generate positive publicity
Public relations (PR)
155
People cannot avoid exposure to advertising when waiting in an airport, bus...
Captive audience
156
Advertising on cell phones and on the internet
Digital advertising
157
A printed notice used for advertising on traditional billboards
Poster
158
Selling by telephone
Telemarketing
159
The way people see a product in comparision to other products
Positioning
160
A product appearing in a film or on a TV programme
Product placement
