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GEOL131A > Deformations > Flashcards

Deformations Flashcards

1
Q

Rocks bend, break, or flow in response to stress

A

deformation

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2
Q

products of deformation

A

folds
faults
joints
foliation

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3
Q

causes of deformation

A

horizontal movements of plates relative to one another

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4
Q

Force applied per unit area producing deformation

A

stress

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5
Q

pushes rock together

A

compression

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6
Q

stretches rock

A

tension

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7
Q

can cause masses of rock to slip

A

shearing

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8
Q

cracking and breaking of rocks

A

brittle deformation

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9
Q

shape change without visible breaking

A

Ductile deformation

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10
Q

structures produced by brittle deformation

A

joints and faults

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11
Q

no appreciable displacement

A

joints

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12
Q

appreciable displacement

A

faults

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13
Q

tectonic or non-tectonic

A

joints

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14
Q

tectonic

A

faults

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15
Q

Parts of a fault

A

fault plane
fault trace
footwall
hanging wall

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16
Q

movement is parallel to dip or inclination

A

dip slip faults

17
Q

hanging wall moves down relative to footwal

A

normal fault

18
Q

hanging wall moves up relative to footwall

A

Reverse fault

19
Q

movement is horizontal and parallel to strike

A

Strike slip faults

20
Q

aka sinistral fault; facing the fault line, the opposite block moves to the left

A

left lateral strike slip fault

21
Q

aka dextral fault; facing the fault line, the opposite block moves to the right

A

right lateral strike slip fault

22
Q

movement is both strike slip and dip slip

A

oblique slip faults

23
Q

what structures are produced by ductile deformation

A

folds
basins
domes

24
Q

curved structures formed due to horizontal or vertical compressional stress

A

folds

25
Q

layered rocks are bent upward into arches, oldest layer is at the center

A

anticline

26
Q

layered rocks are bent downward intro troughs, youngest layer is at the center

A

syncline

27
Q

sides of a fold

A

limbs

28
Q

imaginary surface that divides the fold

A

axial plane

29
Q

intersection of the axial plane with the rock layers

A

fold axis

30
Q

common in interiors of plates due to upward force of rising material or downward force of sinking material

A

circular structures

31
Q

importance of folds

A

sites of petroleum deposits
host natural gas deposits

32
Q

importance of faults

A

sites of mineralization
host mineralized deposits
future earthquake indicators
means of releasing tectonic stress

GEOL131A (10 decks)

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