Deformations

Question 1

Rocks bend, break, or flow in response to stress

Answer 1

deformation

Question 2

products of deformation

Answer 2

folds
faults
joints
foliation

Question 3

causes of deformation

Answer 3

horizontal movements of plates relative to one another

Question 4

Force applied per unit area producing deformation

Answer 4

stress

Question 5

pushes rock together

Answer 5

compression

Question 6

stretches rock

Answer 6

tension

Question 7

can cause masses of rock to slip

Answer 7

shearing

Question 8

cracking and breaking of rocks

Answer 8

brittle deformation

Question 9

shape change without visible breaking

Answer 9

Ductile deformation

Question 10

structures produced by brittle deformation

Answer 10

joints and faults

Question 11

no appreciable displacement

Answer 11

joints

Question 12

appreciable displacement

Answer 12

faults

Question 13

tectonic or non-tectonic

Answer 13

joints

Question 14

tectonic

Answer 14

faults

Question 15

Parts of a fault

Answer 15

fault plane
fault trace
footwall
hanging wall

Question 16

movement is parallel to dip or inclination

Answer 16

dip slip faults

Question 17

hanging wall moves down relative to footwal

Answer 17

normal fault

Question 18

hanging wall moves up relative to footwall

Answer 18

Reverse fault

Question 19

movement is horizontal and parallel to strike

Answer 19

Strike slip faults

Question 20

aka sinistral fault; facing the fault line, the opposite block moves to the left

Answer 20

left lateral strike slip fault

Question 21

aka dextral fault; facing the fault line, the opposite block moves to the right

Answer 21

right lateral strike slip fault

Question 22

movement is both strike slip and dip slip

Answer 22

oblique slip faults

Question 23

what structures are produced by ductile deformation

Answer 23

folds
basins
domes

Question 24

curved structures formed due to horizontal or vertical compressional stress

Answer 24

folds

Question 25

layered rocks are bent upward into arches, oldest layer is at the center

Answer 25

anticline

Question 26

layered rocks are bent downward intro troughs, youngest layer is at the center

Answer 26

syncline

Question 27

sides of a fold

Answer 27

limbs

Question 28

imaginary surface that divides the fold

Answer 28

axial plane

Question 29

intersection of the axial plane with the rock layers

Answer 29

fold axis

Question 30

common in interiors of plates due to upward force of rising material or downward force of sinking material

Answer 30

circular structures

Question 31

importance of folds

Answer 31

sites of petroleum deposits host natural gas deposits

Question 32

importance of faults

Answer 32

sites of mineralization host mineralized deposits future earthquake indicators means of releasing tectonic stress