Midterm Leaks

Question 1

What type of metamorphism involves no change in temperature or pressure but only shearing
forces?

Answer 1

DYNAMIC

Question 2

What term describes the degree to which a clast resembles a sphere?

Answer 2

SPHERICITY

Question 3

What is the mineralogical term for minerals that transform to another mineral with the same
composition but different crystal structure?

Answer 3

PHASE CHANGE

Question 4

What type of metamorphic rock is characterized by alternating bands of dark and lightcolored
minerals?

Answer 4

GNEISS

Question 5

What is the term for the Intensity of metamorphism classified based on temperature and
pressure conditions?

Answer 5

METAMORPHIC GRADE

Question 6

What is the Latin word meaning “fire,” from which the term igneous is derived?

Answer 6

IGNIS

Question 7

What aspect of igneous rocks is based on size, shape, arrangement, and degree of
crystallinity?

Answer 7

TEXTURE

Question 8

What term is used for large igneous bodies located deep beneath the Earth’s surface?

Answer 8

PLUTONS

Question 9

What is the term for a nearly vertical structure that cuts across pre-existing layering?

Answer 9

DIKE

Question 10

What term describes a nearly horizontal structure Injected between pre- existing layering?

Answer 10

SILL

Question 11

What is the name for a dome-shaped intrusion?

Answer 11

LACCOLITH

Question 12

What process do sediments undergo to become sedimentary rocks?

Answer 12

COMPACTION AND CEMENTATION

Question 13

What combination of processes breaks up and corrodes solid rock, transforming it into
sediments?

Answer 13

WEATHERING

Question 14

What is the weathering type that breaks solid rocks Into grains or chunks of clasts?

Answer 14

PHYSICAL WEATHERING

Question 15

What are rocks or sediments modified by physical and chemical interaction with organic
material and rainwater suitable for plant growth called?

Answer 15

SOIL

Question 16

How would you classify a lenticular Intrusion with a depressed central region?

Answer 16

LOPOLITH

Question 17

What is the term for angular clasts greater than 64 mm in size?

Answer 17

BLOCKS

Question 18

How would you describe rounded clasts greater than 64 mm in size?

Answer 18

BOMBS

Question 19

What term describes igneous rocks that are 2-64 mm in diameter?

Answer 19

LAPILLI

Question 20

What happens to sediments when they are squeezed closer together?

Answer 20

COMPACTION

Question 21

At what depth range would you typically find a batholith?

Answer 21

> 100 km²

Question 22

What term describes a crystal form with complets crystal faces?

Answer 22

EUHEDRAL

Question 23

What process involves sediments being subjected to increasingly high temperatures and
pressures and undergoing chemical changes over time?

Answer 23

BURIAL

Question 24

In sedimentary rock classification, what type consists of carbon-rich relics of living
organisms such as plants formed by accumulation and lithification?

Answer 24

ORGANIC SEDIMENTARY

Question 25

In sedimentary rock classification, what type consists of minerals formed by Inorganic precipitation from water solutions?

Answer 25

CHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY

Question 26

What term describes a crystal form with no observable crystal faces?

Answer 26

ANHEDRAL

Question 27

It is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava?

Answer 27

IGNEOUS ROCK

Question 28

A mixture of molten and semi-molten rock formed beneath the surface of the Earth?

Answer 28

MAGMA

Question 29

Classification of rock that is based on the size, shape, arrangement, and degree of crystallinity.

Answer 29

TEXTURE

Question 30

Another classification of rock that determines the percentage of dark-colored and light-colored minerals?

Answer 30

COMPOSITION

Question 31

Potassium feldspar, quartz & blotite, and muscovite are the minerals present in what type of Igneous composition?

Answer 31

SILICIC

Question 32

It is a fragment of rock erupted by a volcano.

Answer 32

PYROCLASTIC

Question 33

What type of rock is Komatite?

Answer 33

EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCK

Question 34

What is characterized by repetitive layering due to preferred mineral orientation?

Answer 34

FOLIATION

Question 35

What process involves the transformation of existing rock into a rock with a different mineral composition?

Answer 35

METAMORPHISM

Question 36

What process occurs through compaction and cementation, resulting in the formation of sedimentary rock?

Answer 36

DIAGENESIS

Question 37

What is the force applied In a particular direction?

Answer 37

DIFFERENTIAL STRESS

Question 38

What is the force applied equally in all directions?

Answer 38

CONFINING STRESS

Question 39

What plays a critical role in determining which minerals occur within a metamorphic rock?

Answer 39

TEMPERATURE

Question 40

What is the term for Igneous rocks that are <2 mm in diameter?

Answer 40

ASH

Question 41

What term refers to glassy fragments in igneous rocks?

Answer 41

VITRIC

Question 42

How are terms like ultramafic, mafic, and felsic classified?

Answer 42

BY COLOR

Question 43

What is the force applied to a rock?

Answer 43

STRESS

Question 44

What type of metamorphism occurs along convergent plate boundaries that have high pressure?

Answer 44

REGIONAL/DYNAMOTHERMAL

Question 45

What metamorphic process involves chemical and mineral composition alteration of rocks by reactions with hydrothermal fluids?

Answer 45

METASOMATISM

Question 46

What process refers to the formation of new metamorphic mineral crystals?

Answer 46

NEOCRYSTALLIZATION

Question 47

What is a metamorphic process that involves a change in grain shape and size only?

Answer 47

RECRYSTALLIZATION

Question 48

What are metamorphic rocks that lack foliation referred to as?

Answer 48

GRANOBLASTIC

Question 49

What refers to the referred orientation of large mica-flakes within a metamorphic rock?

Answer 49

SCHISTOSITY

Question 50

What plays a critical role in determining which mineral occurs within a metamorphic rock?

Answer 50

TEMPERATURE

Question 51

What type of rock formed from the metamorphism of limestone?

Answer 51

MARBLE

Question 52

What are unconsolidated deposits called?

Answer 52

SEDIMENTS

Question 53

What process removes and transports soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust?

Answer 53

EROSION

Question 54

What process Involves minerals precipitating from groundwater at pores and binding sediment together through cements?

Answer 54

CEMENTATION

Question 55

What are relics of past life left on bedding surfaces called?

Answer 55

FOSSILS

Question 56

What is the textural change to a pre-existing "parent rock" or protolith referred to as?

Answer 56

METAMORPHISM

Question 57

What geological feature forms when mud dries up after deposition, resulting in polygonal patterns on the surface?

Answer 57

MUD CRACKS

Question 58

What is the increase in temperature with increasing depth in Earth's interior called?

Answer 58

GEOTHERMAL GRADIENT

Question 59

What term describes the distribution of grain size of sediments?

Answer 59

SORTING

Question 60

What controls a rock's porosity and permeability?

Answer 60

FABRIC