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Fundamentals of Imaging > Degenerative Joint Disease of Extra-spinal & Spinal Origin > Flashcards

Degenerative Joint Disease of Extra-spinal & Spinal Origin Flashcards

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1
Q

Is it Primary or Secondary DJD when it is age-related, generalized?

A

Primary

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2
Q

Is it Primary or Secondary DJD when it is post-traumatic or a result of other joint afflictions?

A

Secondary

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3
Q

What is the most common articular disorder that involves the entire joint complex?

A

Osteoarthritis

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4
Q

What are the typical joints involved in osteoarthritis?

A 
-Knees
• Hips
• Cervical and Lumbosacral spine
• Distal interphalangeal (DIP)
• 1st CMC joint of the thumb & trapezium-scaphoid-trapezoid complex.
• 1st TMT joint of big toe (hallux)
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5
Q

What is known as abnormal proliferation of marginal bone?

A

Osteophytes

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6
Q

What are the general radiographic features of Osteoarthritis (L.O.S.S.)?

A
  • L-loss of joint space (non-uniform or asymmetric)
  • O-osteophytes
  • S-subchondral sclerosis
  • S-subchondral cysts
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7
Q

What is known as a change in exposed subchondral bone in degenerative joint disease in which it is converted into a dense substance with a smooth surface like ivory?

A

Eburnation

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8
Q

What is the most common site of extra-spinal Osteoarthritis?

A

Knee

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9
Q

What is the most common deformity of the knee?

A

Genu Varum

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10
Q

What are the 3 compartments of the knee?

A

Medial femorotibial compartment
Lateral femorotibial compartment
Patellofemoral compartment

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11
Q

Which of the 3 compartments are most affected of OA?

A

Medial femorotibial compartment

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12
Q

In regards to the femorotibial compartment, what is typically found on the medial aspect of the tibia in patients with OA?

A

subchondral sclerosis

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13
Q

Where are osteophytes found in the femorotibial compartment?

A

femoral and tibial margin

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14
Q

T/F: PF OA is almost always presented with femorotibial OA.

A

True

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15
Q

What is known as broken-off osteophytes?

A

Osteocartilagenous loose bodies

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16
Q

What condition is Osteocartilaginous loose bodies indicative of besides OA?

A

Chondromatosis

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17
Q

What is the clinical manifestation of OA of the hip?

A

Hip pain in the groin with occasional knee referral

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18
Q

What are the 3 main patterns of femoral head migration?

A

Superior
Medial
Axial

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19
Q

What is the most common femoral head migration?

A

Superior

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20
Q

Where are osteophytes typically found on OA of the hip?

A

Superior and lateral acetabular rim

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21
Q

What is a characteristic feature of hip OA and can become large in which is referred to as geoid’s or Eggar’s cyst?

A

Subchondral cysts

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22
Q

What are the 2 types of prosthesis for treatment of OA of the Hip?

A

Cemented

Non-cemented

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23
Q

Which prosthesis may provide faster pain relief but may show a higher rate of failure?

A

Cemented

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24
Q

Which prosthesis may be longer lasting and gained more application with younger patients due to bone ingrowth and longer lasting fixation?

A

Non-cemented (biological)

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25
What is the most common site for Foot OA? | What is the 2nd most common site?
Most common: 1st MTP articulation of the big toe | 2nd most common: 1st TMT joint
26
What is the clinical manifestation of Foot OA?
Pain on walking and loss of big toe extension (Hallux rigidus)
27
T/F: Hallux Valgus and bunion formation are often observed with Foot OA
True
28
Is ankle OA common or uncommon?
Uncommon
29
Is ankle OA a primary or secondary condition?
Secondary
30
What is an abnormal connection that develops between two bones in the back of the foot?
Tarsal coalition
31
What is the most common site for Primary Shoulder OA?
Acromioclavicular Joint
32
Is the Glenohumoral Joint a common or uncommon site for Primary Shoulder OA?
Uncommon
33
If there is no trauma, what pathologies should you consider with Shoulder OA?
CPPD acromegaly ochronosis
34
What muscle tendon would inferior osteophytes of the Acromioclavicular joint compromise?
Supraspinatus tendon
35
If the Supraspinatus tendon tears, what kind of migration would happen to the humeral head?
Superior migration
36
Is Elbow OA usually a primary or secondary OA? | When secondary, what disease should you consider?
Secondary | CPPD
37
What X-Ray findings would you typically see with elbow OA?
L.O.S.S. | osteocartilaginous loose bodies
38
What is a disorder involving the attachment of a tendon or ligament to a bone and involves the olecranon in OA?
enthesitis
39
Is Wrist OA usually primary or secondary OA?
Secondary
40
Does the radial or ulnar side dominate with wrist OA?
Radial side
41
What is the most common site for Wrist OA?
Trapezium-1st Metacarpal joint
42
What disease is often found with OA of the Scaphoid-Trapezium-Trapezoid Joint (STT)?
CPPD
43
T/F: Radiocarpal or other joints of the wrist are rarely affected w/o past trauma or pathology?
True
44
What disease of the lunate may lead to Wrist OA?
Keinbock disease
45
What is the clinical manifestation of wrist OA?
pain, swelling and sometimes significant loss of thumb function
46
What radiographic view is best for X-ray of Wrist OA?
P-A medial oblique
47
What do scaphoid fractures followed by the ischemic bone necrosis (AVN) lead to?
Scaphoid non-union advanced collapse wrist (SNAC wrist)
48
Is OA of the hand common or uncommon?
Very Common
49
What are the 3 most common sites for Hand OA? | Which site is usually painful?
DIP, PIP, 1st CMC | Painful site: 1st CMC
50
What is it called when there is OA of the DIP?
Heberden's nodes
51
What is it called when there is OA of the PIP?
Bouchard's nodes
52
If the MCP joint is affected, what complications should you suspect?
CPPD | Hemochromatosis
53
What is a subtype of OA where localized inflammatory erosive changes tend to predominate?
erosive OA
54
What joints are typically involved with erosive OA?
DIP, PIP, 1st CMC
55
Who is typically affected with erosive OA?
Middle-aged female (12:1)
56
In regards to erosive OA, what are the radiographic features of the DIP?
central erosions, marginal osteophytes, subchondral sclerosis, gull-wing appearance
57
What is the most significant radiographic feature of DIP erosive OA?
Gull-Wing appearance
58
Where on the DIP joint are the central erosions most commonly at?
Proximal side of joint
59
Where is Spinal OA most common?
Cervical and Lumbosacral regions (most mobile areas)
60
What disease is the onset of Spinal OA?
Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD)
61
What is considered TRUE Spinal OA?
DJD of facet joints
62
What spinal levels is Von-Lushka joint degeneration typically seen?
C3-C7
63
What are the most common areas affected by spondylosis?
C5-C7; L4-S1
64
What disease is known as disc degeneration that begins with the loss of proteoglycan composition of the intervertebral disc?
DDD
65
What may an anterior herniation cause?
Limbus bone formation
66
What does a central herniation cause?
Schmorl's nodes
67
What is an important feature of DDD (collection of gas within the disk space)?
Intradiscal Vacuum Phenomenon
68
What is the hallmark for spinal degenerative changes?
anterior-lateral spondylophyte
69
What is called when there is bulging of the annulus that creates traction on Sharpey’s fibers?
Spondylosis deformans
70
What will facet degeneration result in?
degenerative spondylolisthesis
71
Are uncovertebral joints of Von Lushka present at birth or develop later in life?
develop later in life
72
T/F: SI arthrosis often co-exists with lumbar DDD/DJD.
True
73
What is the disease called when there is degenerative rubbing of spinous processes in the lumbar spine and also known as "Kissing spines?"
Baastrup disease
74
What is the disease called when there is abnormal flowing proliferation/ossification of anterior spinal ligaments and occasional peripheral sites? Also known as Forestier Disease
DISH (Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis)
75
What condition is DISH often associated with?
Type 2 DM
76
Are most patients of DISH symptomatic or asymptomatic?
asymptomatic
77
What radiographic findings will you see with DISH?
ossification of ALL lateral degeneration of annulus fibrosis periosteal new bone formation
78
Where is DISH most commonly seen?
thoracic (T7-T11) & cervical spine
79
How many spinal segments must be involved in order for it to be diagnosed as DISH?
4
80
What are 2 complication of DISH?
"Chalk Stick" spinal fracture | Dysphagia
81
T/F: OPLL is less common than DISH but more clinically significant
True
82
Where is the most common site for OPLL?
C4-C7
83
What is the radiographic feature of OPLL?
linear hyperdensity posterior to vertebral bodies
84
What is known as a severe destructive arthropathy that develops in patients with neurological or some systemic conditions that result in the disturbance of the sensory, motor & autonomic components innervating the regions about the bone and joint?
Neuropathic osteoarthopathy (NOA)
85
What is another name for Neuropathic osteoarthopathy?
Charcot Joint
86
What are the most common diseases of the Charcot Joint?
DM (most common) Tabes Dorsalis Syringomyelia
87
If a chariot Joint is left untreated, What complication can it lead to?
Rocker-Bottom Foot
88
What are the 5 Ds of the Charcot Joint?
``` Density Debris Disorganization Dislocation Distention ```
89
What part of the body is Charcot Joint most commonly seen?
Foot and ankle
90
Where on the foot is the most common site that for a Charcot Joint?
mid tarsal and TMT joint
91
What condition does the patient typically have when they have a Shoulder Charcot Joint?
syringomyelia

Fundamentals of Imaging (16 decks)

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