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Fundamentals of Imaging > Lower Extremity Trauma > Flashcards

Lower Extremity Trauma Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the primary cause of Femoral Shaft displacement?

A

Powerful musculature of the thigh

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2
Q

What type of femoral shaft fracture consists of a spiral or transverse fracture?

A

Type 1

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3
Q

What type of femoral shaft fracture consists of a comminuted fracture?

A

Type 2

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4
Q

What type of femoral shaft fracture consists of an open fracture?

A

Type 3

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5
Q

Of the 3 types of femoral shaft fractures, which is the most common?

A

Type 1

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6
Q

What kind of fracture of the femur occurs after signifiant trauma or as a pathological fracture due to metastatic bone disease or primary bone neoplasms or other osseous pathology?

A

Diaphysis fracture

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7
Q

What are the most common types of diaphysis fractures?

A

spiral or transverse-oblique fracture with Bayonet deformity

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8
Q

What medication is used to treat osteoporosis which

may result in characteristic femoral shaft fractures?

A

Bisphosphanates

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9
Q

What kind of trauma is the likely cause of a supracondylar and condylar fracture in the elderly who is osteoporotic?

A

Low-energy

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10
Q

What kind of trauma is the likely cause of a supracondylar and condylar fracture in younger patients?

A

High-energy

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11
Q

What kind of configuration do femoral condylar fractures take that are always intra-articular?

A

“T” or “Y” configuration

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12
Q

What was another name for tibial plateau fractures?

A

bumper/fender fracture

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13
Q

What is the most common mechanism for a proximal tibial fracture?

A

Axial loading (fall from height)

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14
Q

Which tibial plateau is more common to fracture due to impact of lateral femoral condyle?

A

Lateral plateau

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15
Q

What Shatzker type of Tibial Plateau fracture is a wedge (low force)?

A

Type 1

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16
Q

What Shatzker type of Tibial Plateau fracture is a wedge with depression?

A

Type 2

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17
Q

What Shatzker type of Tibial Plateau fracture is depression with no wedge?

A

Type 3

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18
Q

What Shatzker type of Tibial Plateau fracture is similar to type 1 but involves the medial plateau as a result of greater force?

A

Type 4

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19
Q

What Shatzker type of Tibial Plateau fracture involves both plateaus?

A

Type 5

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20
Q

What Shatzker type of Tibial Plateau fracture involves both plateaus and a part of the proximal metaphysis or diaphysis?

A

Type 6

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21
Q

What results from an intra-articular fracture with escape of fat and blood from the bone marrow into the knee joint?

A

Lipohemarthrosis

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22
Q

What two fractures are lipohemarthrosis most commonly associated with?

A

tibial plateau fracture

distal femoral fracture

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23
Q

What is the key sign of Lipohemarthrosis?

A

Fat-Blood-Interphase sign (FBI sign)

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24
Q

What may occur especially in young or adolescent patients as a result of pull and tear by the ACL?

A

Tibial spine avulsion

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25
What is an avulsion likely to be caused by the pull of lateral capsular knee ligaments and possibly an IT band and has a high association with ACL tears?
Segond fracture
26
What is a transverse fractures of the proximal tibial metaphysis that occur in children while jumping on a trampoline (or bouncy castle)?
Trampoline fracture
27
How old are the patients typically for trampoline fractures?
2-5 years old
28
What type of fracture occurs with violent quadriceps muscles contraction or passive flexion against contracted quadriceps muscles?
Tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures
29
What type of fracture is usually post direct trauma to the patella or sudden forceful contraction of the quadriceps muscles?
Patellar fracture
30
What is the most common type of patellar fracture?
Transverse fracture in mid patella ("split")
31
What area is an osteochondral defect from due to lateral patella dislocation and stress against lateral femoral condyle prominence?
Medial facet
32
What artery can be injured with a Femoral-Tibial dislocation?
Popliteal artery
33
What is the most common type of femoral-tibial dislocation and is often due to a hyperextension injury?
Anterior
34
What type of femoral-tibial dislocation may be due to direct falls or MVA “dashboard” injury?
Posterior
35
What is the most commonly torn ligament of the knee, especially in sports that involve rapid starting, stopping, and pivoting?
ACL
36
What kind of sign indicates avulsion of fibular attachment of biceps femoris and lateral collateral ligament with potential postero-lateral instability and failed ACL reconstruction if this injury was undetected earlier?
Arcuate sign
37
What part of the ACL do acute tears typically occur at?
Middle portion
38
What line is known when a normal ACL angle should be aligned along femoral condyles?
Blumensaat's line
39
What are the 3 tears of the knee known as O'Donogheu's unhappy triad?
ACL MCL Medial meniscus
40
How does O'Donogheu's unhappy triad come about?
pivot shift with strong valgus force
41
What is the most common type of meniscus tear?
Horizontal/cleavage tear
42
What part of the meniscus is torn most frequently due to its fixed attachment to corresponding tibial plateau?
Posterior horn of medial meniscus
43
What is the most common cause of ankle injuries?
Excessive inversion
44
What type of classification is a popular classification of lateral malleolar fractures?
Weber ankle fracture classification
45
Which type of Weber classification is a fracture below syndesmosis- relatively, stable?
Weber A
46
Which type of Weber classification is a fracture at the level os syndesmosis?
Weber B
47
Which type of Weber classification is a fracture above the syndesmosis - unstable?
Weber C
48
What is a lateral malleolus/distal fibula fracture above syndesmosis and is unstable known as?
Pott's fracture
49
How high above the lateral malleolus is typical for Pott's fracture?
6cm
50
What fracture is combination of oblique or spiral fracture of the proximal fibula and unstable ankle injury and also is associated with a high ankle sprain?
Maisonneuve fracture
51
What Weber type is a Maisonneuve fracture?
Weber C
52
What is a fracture of both lateral (fibula) and medial (tibial) malleolus accompanied with widening of ankle mortise due to deltoid ligament rupture?
Bimalleolar fracture
53
What is another name for Bimalleolar fracture?
Dupuytren fracture
54
What is the radiographic feature of Bimalleolar fracture?
Transverse tibial malleolus and oblique distal fibular fracture
55
What type of Weber classification is a Bimalleolar fracture?
Weber C
56
What parts are involved with a Trimalleolar fracture?
medial, posterior, and lateral malleolus
57
What is the key feature to a Tillaux fracture? | What ligament causes the avulsion?
anterolateral distal tibial epiphysis avulsion | Anterior tibial-fibular ligament
58
What type of Salter-Harris is Tillaux fracture?
Salter-Harris 3
59
What kind of fracture is undisplaced spiral fractures usually of the tibia in toddlers either due to fall or when the leg is stuck in between the wooden spacing of the crib/cot?
Toddler Fractures
60
What is a Toddler fracture known as when both the Tibia and Fibular are fractured?
Both Bones fracture
61
What are the two foot bones that are most commonly fractured?
Calcaneus and Talus
62
Which is the most commonly fractured tarsal bone?
Calcaneus
63
In regards to calcaneal fractures, which type of fracture is the most common?
Intra-articular
64
What should be evaluated when there are bilateral calcaneal fractures?
Spine
65
What is the angle between two tangent lines drawn across the anterior and posterior borders of calcaneus on the lateral view?
Bohler's angle
66
What does the Bohler's angle have to be for it to be a calcaneal fracture?
<20 degrees
67
What fat pad should be looked for in a calcaneal fracture?
Kagar's fat pad
68
What is considered most sensitive and specific imaging of stress fractures of the lower extremity?
MRI
69
What kind of classification is associated with Talus fractures?
Hawkins classification
70
What type of Hawkins fracture is a non-displaced fracture | of the talus?
Type 1 (0-15% AVN risk)
71
What type of Hawkins fracture is a displaced fracture with subluxation or dislocation of the subtalar joint and a normal ankle joint?
Type 2 (20-50% AVN risk)
72
What type of Hawkins fracture is a displaced fracture with body of talus dislocated from both subtalar and ankle joint?
Type 3 (100% AVN risk)
73
What were Talar neck and talar body fractures once known as?
Aviator's fracture
74
What sign describes subchondral lucency/osteopenia line of the talar dome that occurs secondary to subchondral atrophy 6-8 weeks after a talar neck fracture and indicates that there is sufficient vascularity in the talus?
Hawkins sign
75
What fracture can mimic a lateral ankle sprain and occurs when the foot is dorsiflexed and inverted and is also known as Lateral talar process fractures?
Snowboarder's fracture
76
What Posterior talar process fracture involves the lateral tubercle?
Shepherd fracture
77
What Posterior talar process fracture involves the medial tubercle?
Cedell fracture
78
What is the most common type of dislocation involving the foot?
Lisfranc fracture/dislocation
79
What type of Lisfranc fracture happens with lateral displacement of the 1st to 5th metatarsals, or of 2nd to 5th metatarsals where the 1st MTP joint remains aligned?
Homolateral
80
What type of Lisfranc fracture happens with lateral dislocation of the 2nd to 5th metatarsals with medial dislocation of the 1st metatarsal?
Divergent
81
What is a fracture/dislocation of the mid-tarsal joint (Chopart joint) of the foot, i.e. talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints?
Chopart injury
82
What 3 bones are most effected with a Chopart injury?
Calcaneus, cuboid, and navicular
83
In what direction is the foot dislocated as it is plantar flexed and inverted with a Chopart Injury?
Superiorly and medially
84
What metatarsal bones are the most common stress fractures and is also known as a March fracture?
2nd and 3rd metatarsals
85
What fracture occurs at the base of the 5th Metatarsal and the key feature is 2-cm distal to the proximal tuberosity at the metadiaphyseal junction w/o distal or intra-articular extension?
Jones fracture
86
T/F: Jones fractures are prone to non-union (with rates as high as 30-50%)
True
87
What fracture occurs at the insertion of peroneus brevis (styloid process of the 5th metatarsal) and forcible inversion of the foot in plantar flexion and is known as a "tennis fracture?"
Pseudo-Jones fracture
88
T/F: Toe fractures involving the nail are considered an open fracture and may carry risk of osteomyelitis
True

Fundamentals of Imaging (16 decks)

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