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Neuro Exam > Degenerative Neuro Disorders > Flashcards

Degenerative Neuro Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

neurotransmitter involved in parkinson’s

A

dopamine

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2
Q

cause of idiopathic parkinson’s

A

unknown

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3
Q

cause of secondary parkinson’s

A

trauma, drug induced, post encephalitic

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4
Q

clinical manifestations of parkinson’s (4)

A

tremor
rigidity
bradykinesia
posture instability

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5
Q

T or F: parkinson’s affects one’s tongue and their ability to swallow

A

true

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6
Q

drug that is a precursor to dopamine that crosses the BBB

A

levodopa

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7
Q

combination drug that is given to parkinson’s pts

A

sinemet

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8
Q

what 2 drugs does sinemet contain

A

levodopa and carbidopa

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9
Q

major SE of many parkinson’s drugs

A

tardive dyskinesia

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10
Q

gold standard tx for parkinson’s

A

levodopa

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11
Q

MAO-B inhibitors given in parkinson’s

A

selegiline and rasagiline

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12
Q

when may a drug holiday be needed

A

when a parkinson’s pt is taking their meds but they are not effective

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13
Q

anticholinergics given for parkinson’s

A

artane and cogentin

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14
Q

SE of anticholinergics

A

dry mouth, urinary retention, decreased GI motility, TD

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15
Q

dopamine agonists given for parkinson’s

A

symmetral and amantadine

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16
Q

what type of drug given for parkinson’s is an antiviral

A

dopamine agonist (symmetral and amantadine)

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17
Q

COMT inhibitors given for parkinson’s

A

entacapone and tolcapone

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18
Q

these drugs are combined with sinemet to increase the on effect and decrease the off effect

A

entacapone and tolcapone

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19
Q

when should parkinson’s pts take their meds

A

1 hour before eating

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20
Q

an autoimmune disease that affects the brain and spinal cord

A

multiple sclerosis

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21
Q

disease in which the myelin is lost and destroyed leading to disruption in conduction of electrical impulses to and from the brain

A

MS

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22
Q

most common form of MS

A

relapsing remitting (RR)

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23
Q

form of MS characterized by 2 or more episodes of a neuro deficit lasting greater than 24 hours separated by 1 month

A

relapsing remitting (RR)

24
Q

form of MS characterized by a continuous neuro deterioration

A

primary progressive (PP)

25
Q

form of MS characterized by sxs getting worse but having some days that are MUCH worse

A

secondary progressive (SP)

26
Q

form of MS characterized by the person progressively getting sicker and sicker

A

progressive relapsing (PR)

27
Q

most common symptom of MS

A

severe fatigue

28
Q

how is MS dx

A

LP and/or MRI

29
Q

drugs given for MS that may slow the progression

A

avonex (IM)
betaseron (SQ)
copaxone (SQ)
rebif (SQ)

30
Q

drugs used to treat MS exacerbation

A

solumedrol

plasmapheresis

31
Q

what does plasmapheresis remove

A

plasma portion of blood, antibodies

32
Q

drugs used to treat sxs of MS

A

baclofen (lioresal)
amitryptyline (elavil)
buproprion (wellbutrin)
oxybutynin (ditropan)

33
Q

what sxs of MS does baclofen (lioresal) treat

A

spasticity

34
Q

what sxs of MS does amitryptyline (elavil) treat

A

pain

35
Q

what sxs of MS does buproprion (wellbutrin) treat

A

depression/fatigue

36
Q

what sxs of MS does oxybutynin (ditropan) treat

A

bladder dysfunction

37
Q

an autoimmune disease in which there is distruction of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction

A

myasthenia gravis

38
Q

neurotransmitter affected in myasthenia gravis

A

acetylcholine

39
Q

initial sxs of myasthenia gravis

A

ptosis and diplopia

40
Q

what neuro disorder has respiratory muscle weakness, proximal extremity weakness and facial weakness causing speech impediment

A

myasthenia gravis

41
Q

common diagnostic test for MG

A

tensilon test

42
Q

what is the tensilon test

A

when acetylcholinesterase is injected IV and there is a temporary improvement of MG sxs

43
Q

intermediate acting AChE inhibitor given in MG

A

mestinon (pyridostigmine)

44
Q

short acting AChE inhibitor given in MG

A

prostigmin (neostigmine)

45
Q

commonly used immunosuppressive drugs given in MG

A

prednisone and imuran (azathioprine)

46
Q

pts with this disorder may have a thymectomy

A

MG

47
Q

pts with these disorders may get plasmapheresis

A

MS and MG

48
Q

type of crisis when there is undermedication/infection in MG pt

A

myasthenic crisis

49
Q

type of crisis when there is overmedication in MG pt

A

cholinergic crisis

50
Q

difference in sxs for cholinergic crisis compared to myasthenic crisis

A

GI sxs in overmedication

51
Q

neuro disorder in which there is degeneration of the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord and destruction of the corticospinal tract

A

ALS

52
Q

does ALS have ascending or descending muscle weakness

A

descending

53
Q

these 3 things remain in tact in ALS

A

cognition, bowel and bladder function

54
Q

first symptom of ALS

A

lower extremity cramping on one extremity

55
Q

upper motor neuron (UMN) sxs of ALS

A

dysphagia and dysphonia

56
Q

lower motor neuron (LMN) sxs of ALS

A

weakness, muscle atrophy, hyporeflexia

Neuro Exam (5 decks)

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