TBI

Question 1

primary head injury

Answer 1

initial damage that results from trauma to the head

Question 2

secondary head injury

Answer 2

injury that evolves from minutes to days after initial injury

Question 3

what does a secondary head injury result in

Answer 3

decreased metabolism and oxygenation

Question 4

type of head injury in which the skull is fractured

Answer 4

open trauma

Question 5

head injury with no skull fracture, just blunt trauma

Answer 5

closed trauma

Question 6

80% of skull fractures, a simple clean break

Answer 6

linear

Question 7

skull bone pressed inward, associated with hemorrhage

Answer 7

depressed

Question 8

skull bone shattered, associated with hemorrhage

Answer 8

comminuted

Question 9

signs of CSF leak in a basilar skull fracture

Answer 9

periorbital edema, rhinorrhea, otorrhea, postauricular ecchymosis (Battle’s sign)

Question 10

battle’s sign is a sign of what

Answer 10

CSF leak in basilar skull fracture

Question 11

closed head trauma: temporary loss of consciousness with questionable LT damage

Answer 11

concussion

Question 12

closed head trauma: bruising at the site of impact

Answer 12

contusion

Question 13

account for 26% of closed head trauma in children and adolescents

Answer 13

sports related concussions

Question 14

cognitive rest

Answer 14

bed rest with no stimulation

Question 15

space occupying lesions which can cause increased ICP

Answer 15

hematoma

Question 16

this type of hematoma has a high mortality rate

Answer 16

epidural

Question 17

an increased in CO2 causes what

Answer 17

vasodilation

Question 18

decorticate position

Answer 18

flexion of UE, extension of LE

Question 19

decerebrate position

Answer 19

extension of LE and UE

Question 20

best medication to decrease ICP

Answer 20

osmotic diuretic Manitol

Question 21

T or F: if ICP is increased the HOB should be flat

Answer 21

FALSE, 30-45 degrees

Question 22

is vasoconstriction good or bad in increased ICP

Answer 22

good, it causes decreased bloodflow

Question 23

the only type of fluid that should be given via IV to maintain cerebral perfusion

Answer 23

NS

Question 24

to maintain adequate BP, a patient may take these 2 meds

Answer 24

dopamine (raise BP)

ditiazem (lower BP)

Question 25

displacement of brain tissue from its normal compartments

Answer 25

herniation

Question 26

T or F: in brain death there is still reflex activity in the spinal cord

Answer 26

true

Question 27

T or F: in PVS there is positive reflex activity

Answer 27

true

Question 28

brain death or PVS: apnea in the presence of hypercapnia (increased CO2)

Answer 28

brain death

Question 29

indicator that the brain stem is intact in a comatose pt

Answer 29

positive doll's eyes reflex