Overview/A&P

Question 1

action of neurotransmitters

Answer 1

potentiate, terminate, or modulate a specific action

Question 2

action of dopamine

Answer 2

increase vasodilation and increase bloodflow to kidneys

Question 3

if a person is suffering from this then they may be given dopamine

Answer 3

shock

Question 4

neurotransmitter that reduces pain

Answer 4

endorphin

Question 5

2 neurotransmitters responsible for vasoconstriction

Answer 5

norepinepherine and epinepherine

Question 6

this neurotransmitter causes bronchodilation

Answer 6

epinepherine

Question 7

percent of blood delivered to the brain by the carotid arteries

Answer 7

80

Question 8

normal ICP

Answer 8

5-20 mm Hg

Question 9

normal protein level for CSF

Answer 9

15-45

Question 10

is glucose increased or decreased in an infection

Answer 10

decreased

Question 11

T or F, the higher the number of the cranial nerve issue, the worst the injury

Answer 11

FALSE, the lower the number the worst the injury

Question 12

action of CN III

Answer 12

pupillary reaction, bad if damaged

Question 13

action of CN X

Answer 13

gag reflex, may lead to aspiration

Question 14

examples of noxious stimuli

Answer 14

sternal rub, orbital rim pressure, nail bed pressure

Question 15

apraxia

Answer 15

inability to convert thought to action

Question 16

agnosia

Answer 16

inability to recognize objects by use of senses

Question 17

T or F: if someone has a score of 8 or below on the GCS it does not indicated a neuro issue

Answer 17

FALSE, 8 or below is bad

Question 18

dysphonia

Answer 18

difficulty speaking

Question 19

dysarthria

Answer 19

slurring, slowness

Question 20

if one pupil is dilated and one is constricted, what cranial nerve may be compressed

Answer 20

CN III

Question 21

what does it mean if both pupils are dilated

Answer 21

death or taking a paralytic

Question 22

what does it mean if both pupils are constricted

Answer 22

opiate use

Question 23

ptosis is caused by damage to which cranial nerve

Answer 23

CN III

Question 24

ataxic gait

Answer 24

staggering and unsteady

Question 25

chorea

Answer 25

jerky purposeless movements

Question 26

T or F: incontinence is a normal sign of aging

Answer 26

FALSE

Question 27

how is a spinal HA cured after LP

Answer 27

blood taken from arm and injected into LP site

Question 28

does suctioning increase or decrease ICP

Answer 28

increase

Question 29

cerebral edema

Answer 29

fluid or water in the intracellular or extracellular space

Question 30

the Monro Kellie Hypothesis states that the skull contains what

Answer 30

80% brain 10% blood 10% CSF

Question 31

autoregulation

Answer 31

changes in the diameter of the blood vessels to maintain a constant blood flow

Question 32

how to calculate cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)

Answer 32

MAP-ICP

Question 33

the amount of blood flow from systemic circulation required to provide adequate oxygen and glucose to the brain

Answer 33

cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)

Question 34

normal CPP

Answer 34

70-100 mm Hg

Question 35

a CPP below what may cause ischemic damage

Answer 35

70

Question 36

a CPP below what causes irreversible damage

Answer 36

50

Question 37

early signs of increased ICP

Answer 37

``` changes in LOC restlessness, confusion, drowsiness, increased respiratory effort, purposeless movement pupillary changes weakness in one extremity or on one side HA ```

Question 38

late signs of increased ICP

Answer 38

``` respiratory and vasomotor changes VS: increased systolic BP, widening pulse pressure, slowing of HR, temp increase projectile vomiting deteriorating LOC loss of brainstem reflexes CUSHING'S TRIAD ```

Question 39

examples of brainstem reflexes

Answer 39

pupil, gag, corneal, swallowing

Question 40

what is cushing's triad and what is it indicative of

Answer 40

bradycardia, hypertension, bradypnea | late sign of increased ICP

Question 41

goal of corticosteroids

Answer 41

increase blood sugar increase body fat increase BP

Question 42

intermediate acting glucocorticoid given for cerebral edema

Answer 42

methylprednisolone/solu-medrol

Question 43

long acting glucocorticoid given for cerebral edema

Answer 43

dexamethasone/decadron

Question 44

dilantin/phenytoin

Answer 44

most commonly used drug for seizures

Question 45

tegretol/carbamazepine | neurontin/gabapentin

Answer 45

drugs used to treat seizures and decrease nerve pain

Question 46

most commonly used class of antihypertensives in neuro

Answer 46

calcium channel blockers

Question 47

role of Diltiazem (ca channel blocker)

Answer 47

decrease BP

Question 48

role of nimodipine (ca channel blocker)

Answer 48

decrease vasospasm

Question 49

heparin and coumadin are examples of what

Answer 49

anticoagulants

Question 50

aspirin and plavix are examples of what

Answer 50

antiplatelets

Question 51

osmotic diuretic given to treat increased ICP

Answer 51

mannitol

Question 52

how does mannitol work

Answer 52

pulls fluid from the extravascular space

Question 53

what type of drug is mannitol

Answer 53

osmotic diuretic

Question 54

T or F: chemo cannot cross the BBB

Answer 54

true

Question 55

what is given to prevent GI stress ulcers

Answer 55

protonix

Question 56

what must you monitor for when giving vasopresin

Answer 56

hyponatremia

Question 57

what CN is affected in Bell's Palsy

Answer 57

CN VII

Question 58

what CN is affected in trigeminal neuralgia

Answer 58

CN V