Dementia

Question 1

dementia is … not a disease

Answer 1

syndrome

Question 2

at least two domains are involved of the following list in dementia…

Answer 2

memory, EF, visuospatial, language, behaviour

Question 3

prevalence dementia:

Answer 3

2010: 1/81
2050: 1/44

Question 4

types of dementia

Answer 4

1. AD
2. Vascular
3. Frontotemporal
4. lewy body

Question 5

AD pathology

Answer 5

amyloid plaques in between neurons, also neurofibralliry tangles (made of tau protein) and the brain shrinks

Question 6

Diagnosis of AD is done through:

Answer 6

clinical criteria
neuropsychological exam
MRI/ CT
EEG
CF analysis 
Pet imaging

Question 7

CF analysis, the alpha-beta, tau and phosphortau should be…

Answer 7

alpha-beta: <550

tau: > 375
phosphortau: >54

Question 8

at the end of AD there is almost nothing left of the…

Answer 8

hippocampus

Question 9

symptoms vascular dementia

Answer 9

slow, loss of oversight, words missing, apathy, gait disturbance

Question 10

FTD onset

Answer 10

45-65 years, 40% hereditary

Question 11

symptoms FTD

Answer 11

apathy, disinhibition, compulsiveness

Question 12

what factors dysfunction in FTD

Answer 12

language, memory, executive, theory of mind, visuospatial

Question 13

diagnosis

Answer 13

patient lacks insight (surroundings are important). Pet scan gives 90% sure answer.

Question 14

LBD symptoms

Answer 14

visuospatial and EF
light memory dysfunction
hallucinations
parkinsomnism
frequent falls, rem sleep disorder

Question 15

pathology LBD

Answer 15

starts in crotex, alpha-synuclein involved with plaques

Question 16

treatment LBD

Answer 16

SSRI, neuroleptics, benzodiazepines

Question 17

mutations are found in … and … in dementia

Answer 17

amloyd precurror protein and amloyd-beta

Question 18

where do neurofibrillary tangels and tau protein accumulate?

Answer 18

in soma and dendrites of neuron

Question 19

tau is normally essential for…

Answer 19

stabilization of microtubilli

Question 20

In AD tau kinases are … present and tua phosphates are … present

Answer 20

more , less

Question 21

tau is …. neurofibrillary tangle

Answer 21

intracellular

Question 22

alpha beta is … plaques

Answer 22

extracellular

Question 23

Microglia function

Answer 23

MQ/ IS of the brain, antigen presenting and activating T-cells

Question 24

high activity microglia in plagues is marker for….

Answer 24

lysosomes

Question 25

inflammation causes what in tau?

Answer 25

tau phosphorylation