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Neuro disorders > Stroke > Flashcards

Stroke Flashcards

1
Q

prevalence stroke:

A

10/1000

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2
Q

Tia meaning and time lapse

A

transient ischemic attack

<24 h symp

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3
Q

CVA meaning and time lapse

A

cerobrovascular incident (symp >24H)

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4
Q

hemorrhagic stroke

A

blood leaks into brain

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5
Q

ischemic stroke

A

blood clot stops blood supply to area in brain

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6
Q

penumbra

A

the area surround a ischemic event such as trombotic or embolic stroke

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7
Q

ischemia occurs when…

A

blood flow is blocked, the release of free radicals causes damage to brain tissue

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8
Q

Etiology of Ischemic stroke (80% of cases)

A

trombosis –> embolism –> arterial occulsion –> brain infarction

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9
Q

Hemorrhagic stroke etiology (20%)

A

always intracranial

rupture of artery causes bleeding

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10
Q

two versions of hemorrhagic stroke

A
  1. intracerebral: hematoma directly in brain tissue

2. extracerebral: build up of blood anywhere within skull and meninges

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11
Q

Early treatment of stroke

A

thrombolysis, platelet aggregation inhibitors, anticoagulants

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12
Q

treatment within 3-4.5 hours

A

trombolysis with intravenous rtPA and IAT (risk = hemorrhage)

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13
Q

new is intra arterial thrombolysis, whats special?

A

it can be done in up to 6 hours.

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14
Q

Anterior circulation consists of (3)

A

internal carotid artery splits up into anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery

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15
Q

posterior circulation consists of

A

vertebral arteries perforate transverse processus of cervical vertebrae via the foramen magnum. left and right fuse en form basilar artery. This one supplies the cerebellum and brain stem

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16
Q

circle of willis

A

site of large aneurysms

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17
Q

functional anatomy cortex.
Neocortex:
anteriorly:
posteriorly:

A

neocortex: mental functions
anteriorly: action related areas (frontal lobe)
posteriorly: perception areas (parietal, occipital and temporal lobes)

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18
Q

motor cortex

A

responsible for movement and arranged in anatomical order (called somatotopy)

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19
Q

somatotopy

A

arranged in anatomical order

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20
Q

the primary sensory area is arranged how?

A

topographically organized

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21
Q

how is the primary auditory cortex arranged?

A

tonotopy: all sound frequencies layed out over length of auditory gyrus

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22
Q

supply areas:

  1. anterior cerebral art:
  2. middle cerebral art
  3. posterior cerebral art
A
  1. anteromedial side
  2. lateral side and deep structures
  3. posterobasal side
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23
Q

Types of strokes (6)

A
  1. middle cerebral artery
  2. anterior cerebral artery
  3. carotid artery occlusion
  4. posterior cerebral artery stroke
  5. basilar artery stroke
  6. miscellaneous stroke
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24
Q

middle cerebral artery stroke symptoms:

A

most common
central facial palsy (opposite of where stroke occurred)
distal parts show most paresis
lower part of face dysfunctions

25
Q

difference between superficial lesion and deep lesion in middle cerebral stroke

A

superficial leg is spared and with deep lesion arm and leg are paretic

26
Q

why is the leg spared in a superficial lesion

A

mostly supplied by anterior artery

27
Q

contralateral hemisensory loss

A

mixture of problems in pain/temp sense

28
Q

contralateral hemianopia

A

loss of one of the visual field of one (most of the times both) eye(S).

29
Q

homonymus hemianopia

A

same side both visual fields are affected

30
Q

what is remarkable for the left lesions?

A

language (aphasia)
alexia (reading)
agraphia (writing)
apraxia (motor planning)

31
Q

what is remarkable for right lesions?

A 
spatial function and attention
unilateral neglect (left side)
distance judgement wrong, can't read maps or draw.
32
Q

aphasia

A

language disorder

33
Q

types of aphasia:

  1. broca
  2. wernicke
  3. global
  4. anomic
  5. progressive
A
  1. speech impairment (aware)
  2. can’t understand words (unaware)
  3. severe impairment in all language modalities
  4. difficulty word finding
  5. slow loss of language
34
Q

apraxia

A

difficulty performing skilled movement

35
Q

ideational appraxia

A

no idea or concept of what to do

36
Q

location ideotional appraxia

A

parietal praxis center and parietotemporal cortex

37
Q

ideomotor apraxia

A

cant perform on verbal command, inability to copy gestures, knows what to do but not how

38
Q

location ideomotor apraxia

A

LH, left parietal lobe, frontal praxis centre

39
Q

Anterior cerebral artery stroke symptoms

A

paresis, sensory loss of contraleteral leg

40
Q

Carotid artery occlusion depends on …

A

circle of willis

41
Q

basilar artery stroke

A

devestating and acute with no recovering, coma

42
Q

lacunar

A

small infarct in deep cerebral white matter

43
Q

multiple infarctions means…

A

vascular dementia

44
Q

hemorrhagic vs ischemic

A

hemorrhagic has more headache, vomit and same prognosis as patients with infarctions

45
Q

lethality infarctions after 30 days

A

15-20%

46
Q

lethality hemorraghes after 30 days

A

60-70%

47
Q

diaschisis

A

(sudden inhibition of function produced by acute focal disturbance in a portion of
the brain at a distance from the original site of injury, but anatomically connected with it through fiber
tracts

48
Q

denervation hypersensitivity

A

the sharp increase of sensitivity of post‐synaptic membranes to a chemical
transmitter after denervation → a compensatory change

49
Q

neurogenisis

A

the process in which neurvous system cells are produced by neural stem cells

50
Q

sprouting/synaptogenisis

A

the formation of two synapses between neurons

51
Q

basis for rehabilitation

A

body function and structure
activities
participation

52
Q

FAC

A

functional ambulation category

53
Q

TCT

A

trunc control test, sitting balance

54
Q

ARAT

A

the action research arm test

55
Q

primary and secondary changes

A

primary: cognitive, emotional, behavorial, social
secondary: withdrawal, avoidence, depression

56
Q

anticipatory awareness

A

knowing when problems occur and being able to use compensatory strategies to prevent them

57
Q

emergent awareness

A

recognizing problems as they occur in daily life

58
Q

intellectual awareness

A

‘they say i’ve changed’ but unable to provide examples of problematic situations

Neuro disorders (10 decks)

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