Dementia Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is the recommended pharmacotherapy for Alzheimer dementia?
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (e.g. donepezil, rivastigmine)
What neurotransmitter is decreased in Alzheimer disease?
Acetylcholine
Memantine is a(n) _____ used to treat Alzheimer disease
NMDA receptor antagonist
Diffuse cortical and subcortical atrophy in CT scan are seen in:
late-stage Alzheimer disease
What dementia is characterized by a step-wise decline in cognitive ability with late-onset memory impairmenT?
Vascular dementia
EEG showing triphasic bursts or sharp wave complexes =
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
MRI that shows widespread cerebral/cerebellar atrophy with enhancement of the cortex, putamen, and caudate head suggests:
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)
Rapidly progressing mental decline combined with myoclonus and mutism are typical clinical findings in patients with
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
What movement symptom is associated with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease?
Myoclonus (“startle myoclonus”)
Personality change and disinhibition followed by early dementia is suggestive of
Frontotemporal dementia (Pick disease)
Frontotemporal dementia (Pick disease) is characterized by round aggregates of hyperphosphorylated_______; may be seen with silver stain
Tau protein known as Pick bodies
Generalized cortical atrophy but also temporal lobe atrophy =
Alzheimer disease
What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with a sudden, stepwise decline in executive function with periventricular (lacunar) infarcts and cardiovascular risk factors (HTN, smoking, diabetes)?
Vascular dementia
CJD is characterized by the presence of ____ on CSF analysis.
14-3-3 protein
Accumulation of_______ and _______ are observed in Alzheimer disease (AD).
Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
An elderly patient presents with anhedonia, sleep disturbance, diminished cognition, psychomotor changes, low energy, cognitive deficits, and a score of 25 on mini-mental status exam (MMSE).
- Most likely diagnosis?
- Treatment?
- Pseudodementia
- SSRI
What is required for diagnosis of Lewy body dementia in contrast to dementia secondary to Parkinson disease?
Cognitive and motor symptom onset <1 year apart
What dementia causes visual hallucinations?
Lewy body dementia
Symptoms of normal-pressure hydrocephalus: MUD
Motor(gait ataxia)- Urinary incontinence- Dementia
Classic triad of Lewy body dementia
- Parkinsonism
- Dementia
- Visual hallewynations
