Subdural and Epidural Hematoma/ Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Flashcards
(23 cards)
The diagnoses of cerebral vein / venous sinus thrombosis are confirmed with:
brain MR venography
Venous sinus thrombosis presents with signs / symptoms of:
increased ICP (e.g., headache, seizures, focal neurologic deficits)
_______is used to prevent cerebral vasospasm following a(n) subarachnoid hemorrhage
Nimodipine
Subarachnoid hemorrhage diagnosis if Non-contrast CT to detect blood:
- is positive:
- is negative:
- Angiography to detect source of bleed
- Lumbar puncture if clinical suspicion still high
Measures to treat increased ICP:
- Elevating the head off the bed
- Hyperventilating
- Mannitol
What is the major cause of delayed morbidity and death 3 - 10 days after presentation of a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
- Vasospasm
What is the major cause of death within the first 24 hours of presentation of a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Rebleeding
Definitive treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage includes:
Surgical clipping or coiling
Diagnosis of an elderly patient with history of falls presents with progressive headache, somnolence, confusion, and mild contralateral hemiparesis for the past 2 weeks
Chronic subdural hematoma
Subdural hematoma is most commonly seen in:
- Elderly patients
- Alcohol use disorder
- Infants (shaken baby syndrome)
What is the most likely diagnosis in a patient with headache, AMS, vision changes, and seizure? Imaging demonstrates white matter edema in the bilateral posterior cerebral hemispheres
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome
-What is the diagnosis in a patient who was hit in the side of the head, LOC for 90 seconds, regained consciousness, but lost it again?
- What would imaging show? .
- Epidural hematoma
- Biconvex lens-shaped hematoma
Which type of cranial hematoma involves a fixed dilated pupil and contralateral hemiparesis?
Acute epidural hematoma
Significant epidural hematomas are managed with:
urgent craniotomy
Which type of intracranial hemorrhage is most often seen in shaken baby syndrome?
Subdural hematoma
- Subdural hematoma is due to _____ that lie between the dura and arachnoid
- Epidural hematoma is due to rupture of ______
- tearing of bridging veins
- the middle meningeal artery
Headache, systemic symptoms (fever/leukocytosis), history of sinusitis and cranial nerve symptoms (e.g. diplopia) is suggestive of:
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Cavernous sinus thrombosis is a serious complication of ______fungal infection
Mucormycosis
A 59-year-old man was admitted for treatment of SAH. Four days after admission, he developed weakness in his right arm. What could have prevented this?
It is probably caused by ischemia secondary to vasospasm, so nimodipine administration could prevent this adverse event
A 59-year-old man was admitted for treatment of SAH. Four hours after admission, he developed weakness in his right arm. What is the cause of this finding?
New onset of neurologic symptoms within 24 hours following an SAH is most likely caused by rebleeding of the aneurysm
Definitive treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage includes:
Surgical clipping or coiling
Burr hole surgery may be indicated for the treatment of:
subdural hematoma
Subarachnoid hemorrhage is frequently due to rupture of:
A berry (saccular) aneurysm
