Dementia Symposium Flashcards
(41 cards)
How many thousand people in the UK are affected by dementia?
700,000
What percentage of over 65s and over 80s suffer from dementia?
over 65s - 5%
over 80s - 20%
In a typical district general hospital what percentage of patients have dementia?
over 20%
Abnormality in the frontal lobe leads to what 5 defects?
1) Impaired judgement
2) Impaired abstract reasoning and strategic planning
3) Impaired emotional restraint
4) Impaired control over appetite
5) Incontinence
Diseases of the parietal lobe give rise to what 2 things?
1) Impairment of visuospatial skills leading to apraxias
2) Impaired integration of sensory inputs leading to sensory agnosias
Diseases of the medial temporal lobe, hippocampus, amygdala and limbic system leads to what 2 features?
1) Disorders of memory
2) Hallucinations
Diseases of the temporal neocortex is associated with what 2 features?
1) Receptive dysphasia
2) Automatisms (performance of actions without concious thought)
Diseases of the occipital lobe leads typically to what?
Failure of the visual sensory systems
What 8 ‘treatable’ conditions can cause dementia?
1) Depression
2) Iatrogenic (anticholinergics, sedatives, narcotics, H2 blockers, multiple meds)
3) Hypothyroidism
4) B12 deficiency
5) Neurosyhpilis
6) Normal pressure hydrocephalus
7) Subdural hematoma
8) Encephalitis
Give the 4 main types of neurodegenerative dementias?
1) Alzheimer’s dementia
2) Lewy Body dementia
3) Frontotemporal dementia
4) Huntington’s disease (and many others)
What are the other 2 main types of dementias which are not classed as neurodegenerative dementias?
1) Vascular dementia
2) Prion disease
Can vascular dementia be treated?
Treatment can slow down progression but cannot cure
What is the prognosis of prior disease?
Untreatable but with rapid progression
In addition to type how else can dementias be classified?
By site - ie anterior/posterior, cortical/subcortical
How do the symptoms of anterior dementia tend to differ from posterior dementia?
Anterior - behaviour changes - ie loss of inhibition, antisocial etc.
Posterior - disturbance of cognitive function (memory and language) without marked changes in behaviour
What is the common site of Alzheimer’s disease?
Posterior cortical
Name 2 types of dementias which tend to be sub cortical?
1) Parkinson’s disease
2) AIDS dementia complex
How do the symptoms of subcortical dementias tend to differ from cortical dementias?
Subcortical - apathetic, forgetful and slow, associated with other neurological signs and movement disorders
Cortical - Higher cortical abnormalities - dysphasia, agnosia, apraxia
Traditionally, which 3 neurodegenerative disorders were classified as dementias (as opposed to movement disorders)?
1) Alzheimer’s disease
2) Frontotemproal dementia
3) Dementia with Lewy bodies
Traditionally which 4 neurodegenerative disorders were classified as movement disorders (Rather than dementias)?
1) Parkinson’s disease
2) Parkinson plus syndromes (progressive supranuclear palsy, multiple system atrophy, corticobasal degeneration)
3) Huntington’s disease
4) Motor neuron disease
What are the 3 current molecular-genetic classifications of neurodegenerative disorders?
1) Tauopathies
2) Synucleinopathies
3) Ubiquinopathies
Which molecular genetic classification does Alzheimer’s disease fall into?
Tauopathies
Which molecular genetic classification does Parkinson’s disease and Dementia with Lewy bodies fall into?
Synucleinopathies
What 2 types of dementia fall under the classification of ubiquinopathies?
1) MND and MND/Dementia
2) Semantic dementia
(Both subtypes of frontotemporal dementia)
