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BDS4 SCR > Dental anomalies > Flashcards

Dental anomalies Flashcards

1
Q

What is amelogenesis imperfecta?

A

a group of rare, inherited disorders characterized by abnormal enamel formation.

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2
Q

What is the incidence of amelogenesis imperfecta?

A

1 in 14000

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3
Q

What are the 4 main types of amelogenesis imperfecta?

A
  • hypoplastic
  • hypomineralisation
  • hypomaturation
  • mixed with taurodontism
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4
Q

What is hypoplastic amelogensis imperfecta?

A

enamel crystals do not grow to the correct length

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5
Q

What is hypo-mineralised amelogenesis imperfecta?

A

Enamel crystals do not grow to full thickness and length

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6
Q

What is hypomaturational amelogenesis imperfecta?

A
  • incomplete thickness
  • incomplete mineralisation
  • complete length
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7
Q

What are the three heriditary ways amelogenesis imperfecta can grow as?

A
  • autosomal dominant
  • autosomal recessive
  • x-linked
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8
Q

What is molar incisor hypominerlisation?

A

hypomineralisation of systemic origin of 1-4 permanent molars , frequently associated with affected incisors

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9
Q

What is the prevalence of MIH?

A

10-20%

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10
Q

What are the pain mechanisms associated with MIH?

A
  • dentine hypersensitivity - porous enamel or exposed dentine facilitatees fluid flow within dentine tubules to activate A -alpha nerve fibres
  • peripheral sensitisation : underlying pulpal inflammation leads to sensitisation of C-fibres
  • Central sensitisation: from continuous nociceptive input
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11
Q

What is the most critical period in the aetiology of formation of MIH?

A
  • first year of life
  • enamel matrix of crown of FPM is complete by one year
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12
Q

What questions to ask mother if suspected MIH?

A
  • general health of mother at 3rd trimester of pregnancy (pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes)
  • Ask about any birth trauma
  • pre term birth
  • prolonged breast feeding
  • ask about any child hood infections or. medications (under the age of 2 )
  • socioeconomic status
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13
Q

What childhood infections may be associated with MIH?

A
  • measles
  • chicken pox
  • rubella
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14
Q

What are the clinical problems associated with MIH?

A
  • loss of tooth substance (breakdown of enamel)
  • toothwear
  • secondary caries
  • sensitivity
  • appearance
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15
Q

What are the treatment options for MIH? (molars)

A
  • composite or GIC restorations
  • Stainless steel crowns
  • adhesively retained copings
  • Extractions
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16
Q

when do you extract first molars in MIH

A
  • 8.5 -9.5 yrs
17
Q

What are the treatment options for affected incisors of MIH?

A
  • acid pumice microabrasion
  • resin infiltration
  • external bleaching
    loclised composite placement
  • full veneers (composite or porcelain)
18
Q

What is fluorosis?

A

it is a condition characterised by the change of enamel appearance due to overexposure to fluoride

19
Q

What is hypominerlised enamel

A

systemic disorder associated with enamel defects

20
Q

What systemic disoreder are associated with enamel defects?

A
  • incontinenta pigmenti
  • down’s syndrome
  • prader willi
  • poryphia
  • hurler’s
21
Q

What are the three types of dentinogenesis imperfecta?

A
  1. osteogenesis imperfecta
  2. autosomal dominant
  3. Brandywine
22
Q

What are the characteristics of dentinogensis imperfecta type one?

A

pulp obliteration
abscess formation
bulbous crowns
enamel loss

23
Q

What are the treatment options for dentinogenesis imperfecta?

A

composite veneers
over dentures
removable prosthesis
stainless steel crowns

24
Q

What is enamel hypoplasia?

A

Enamel thinning or missing due to disruption in the formation stage of enamel , can be caused due to infections or trauma.

25
Q

What environmental factors may cause enamel hypoplasia?

A
  • systemic
  • nutritional
  • metabolic
  • infection
26
Q

What is dentinogenesis imperfecta?

A

a genetic disorder affectng the formation of dentine

27
Q

What is chronological hypoplasia?

A

a break in the continuity of enamel with a reduction in the layers leading to depressions or grooves (it tends to be symmetrical and chronological)

28
Q

How would you tell if a dental anomaly is caused from trauma?

A

history of trauma
if it is localised

29
Q

how to rule out amelogensis imperfecta?

A
  • family history
  • primary teeth affected
  • permanent teeth all affected
30
Q

What is the presentation of fluorosis on teeth?

A

diffuse symmetrical markings
chalk white or brown if severe
normal tooth thickness

31
Q

MIH presentation in mouth?

A

affects between 1-4 first molars with incisors
well demarcated white, yellow and brown
unsymmetrical with normal thickness

BDS4 SCR (22 decks)

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