DENTAL RADIOLOGY

Question 1

Before ordering or prescribing x-rays, what must happen

Answer 1

dentist must examine their patients and determine what radiographs are needed

Question 2

how often should radiographs be taken

Answer 2

depends on patient need

Question 3

no radiograph should be retaken until

Answer 3

a thorough investigation reveals the exact cause of the error and the appropriate corrective action is identified

Question 4

how do xrays work

Answer 4

the line current is alternating (60cycles/second) so the polarity of the x-ray tube alternates and the x-ray beam is generated as a series of pulses

Question 5

dont PANIC

Answer 5

positive is anode negative is cathode

Question 6

how are radiographs washed?

Answer 6

in running water to ensure removal of thiosulfate ions and silver thiosulfate complexes that stain the film if left

Question 7

what does slob stand for

Answer 7

same lingual opposite buccal

Question 8

foreshortening results from

Answer 8

vertical angulation too great
OVERangulation of the x-ray beam
too much vertical angulation

Question 9

elongation results when

Answer 9

vertical angulation is too small
UNDERANGULATION of the x ray beam

Question 10

what does ALARA stand for

Answer 10

as low as reasonably achievable

Question 11

what is the most common tumor

Answer 11

odontoma

Question 12

X-ray tube made of what? and why?

Answer 12

leaded glass because Xray cant pass through lead

Question 13

why is tube head surrounded by oil?

Answer 13

oil conducts heat, will help to dissipate the heat

Question 14

filament is in _____ and made of_____

Answer 14

filament is in cathode and made of tungsten

Question 15

why is tungsten used

Answer 15

metal that has the highest melting point

Question 16

more x rays =

Answer 16

more density , darker

Question 17

radiographic density is

Answer 17

the overall degree of darkening of exposed film

Question 18

energy is

Answer 18

mA (milliamperage)

Question 19

increase in mA

Answer 19

darker film

Question 20

decrease in mA

Answer 20

lighter film

Question 21

anode is made of ___beacause

Answer 21

tungsten because it can withstand high temperatures

Question 22

anode aka

Answer 22

tungsten target

Question 23

kvp measures

Answer 23

speed of electrons

Question 24

increasing kvp(speed) will increase

Answer 24

penetrating power of the xrays

Question 25

increase kvp

Answer 25

darker film

Question 26

decrease kvp

Answer 26

lighter film

Question 27

more exposure time = more xrays hitting

Answer 27

more Xrays hitting the receptor

Question 28

increase exposure time

Answer 28

darker film

Question 29

decrease exposure time

Answer 29

lighter film

Question 30

increase : KVP mA exposure time

Answer 30

darker film

Question 31

decrease : KVP mA exposure time

Answer 31

lighter film

Question 32

what gives better quality xrays : short or long wavelengths

Answer 32

short wavelengths

Question 33

aluminum filter does what

Answer 33

filters out the long wavelengths

Question 34

problem with rectangular collimator

Answer 34

cone cut

Question 35

inverse square law

Answer 35

increasing distance of pid will decrease intensity

Question 36

on panoramic machines you cant control

Answer 36

exposure time

Question 37

quality of beam refers to

Answer 37

how good the image is

Question 38

quality of beam is affected by

Answer 38

kVp filtration

Question 39

quantity of beam is affected by

Answer 39

mA

Question 40

increasing distance between focal spot and film

Answer 40

decrease density

Question 41

decreasing distance between focal spot and film

Answer 41

increase density

Question 42

the most popular digital detector

Answer 42

charge-coupled device (CCD)

Question 43

the faster the film the less

Answer 43

the less exposure it needs

Question 44

silver halide salts are in

Answer 44

the emulsion

Question 45

the coronoid process can be seen in what radiograph

Answer 45

maxillary molar PA

Question 46

x/y formation is found on what radiograph

Answer 46

max PA of canine

Question 47

inverted Y is radiopaque

Question 48

PDL is radiolucent or radiopaque?

Answer 48

radiolucent

Question 49

pulp horn is radiolucent or radiopaque?

Answer 49

radiolucent

Question 50

lamina dura is radiolucent or radiopaque?

Answer 50

radiopaque

Question 51

zygomatic is what shape

Answer 51

U or J shaped

Question 52

medial palatal suture looks like

Answer 52

a fracture line, radiolucent line located between maxillary central incisors

Question 53

incisive foramen, is radiolucent or radiopaque?

Answer 53

hole in the bone, radiolucent , between max central incisors

Question 54

incisive foramen aka

Answer 54

nasopalatine foramen

Question 55

nasal septum

Answer 55

radiopaque, right above the roots of max central incisors

Question 56

nasal fossa aka ____ is is radiolucent or radiopaque?

Answer 56

nostrils, radiolucent , separated by nasal septum

Question 57

buccainator crest

Question 58

External oblique ridge

Answer 58

found on posterior mandibular PA, radiopaque structure

Question 59

mylohyoid ridge

Answer 59

below the external oblique ridge, radiopaque

Question 60

submandibular gland fossa

Answer 60

below the mylohyoid, diffused (not well-defined) radiolucent area

Question 61

what runs into the mandibular canal

Answer 61

IA nerve

Question 62

mandibular canal

Answer 62

tube like structure

Question 63

mental foramen

Answer 63

radiolucent, circular, around apices of first and second premolar . (mandibular)

Question 64

mental ridge

Answer 64

lower ant PA linear radiopacity

Question 65

genial tubercle is radiolucent or radiopaque?

Answer 65

radiopaque

Question 66

lingual foramen is radiolucent or radiopaque?

Answer 66

radiolucent, in the middle of the genial tubercle

Question 67

SLOB is for locating

Answer 67

foreign objects in the oral cavity

Question 68

the imaginary bisector is perpendicular to the

Answer 68

bisecting angle

Question 69

in the paralleling technique, the receptor is moved farther away from the tooth because

Answer 69

the receptor can get parallel with the long axis of the tooth

Question 70

why is the parallel technique the preferred technique

Answer 70

less distortion

Question 71

to increase the positive angulation

Answer 71

PID pointing down

Question 72

to increase negative angulation

Answer 72

PID pointing up

Question 73

less than 90 degrees

Answer 73

foreshortening

Question 74

more than 90 degrees

Answer 74

elongation

Question 75

overlap is a ____ alignment error

Answer 75

horizontal alignment error

Question 76

to fix the overlap you move the tube head

Answer 76

move the tube head more mesially

Question 77

underexposed makes ______ image

Answer 77

light image

Question 78

overexposed makes ______ image

Answer 78

darker image

Question 79

reverse smile line (frown) on pan

Answer 79

chin is too high

Question 80

too much smiling on pan

Answer 80

patients chin is too low

Question 81

in pan if the patient is too close the image will be

Answer 81

image will be too far

Question 82

in pan if the patient is too far away the image will be

Answer 82

image will be too close

Question 83

roentgen measures how much

Answer 83

radiation is produced

Question 84

before taking x rays on the pregnant patient you have to

Answer 84

talk to the OBGYN get consultation first

Question 85

safest trimester for dental work

Answer 85

2 4-6 months preggo

Question 86

most often area for ameloblastoma

Answer 86

mandible most often in molar-ascending ramus area 80-85%

Question 87

ameloblastoma is usually benign but is very aggressive

Question 88

periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia is radiolucent but in a few years can turn

Answer 88

radiopaque

Question 89

periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia affects who the most

Answer 89

middle-aged black females

Question 90

florid cemento-osseous dysplasia

Answer 90

involves no teeth

Question 91

focal cemento-osseous dysplasia affects who the most

Answer 91

middle-aged white female

Question 92

all teeth involved with cemento-osseous dysplasia are vital or nonvital

Answer 92

vital

Question 93

pagets disease appearance

Answer 93

cotton wool

Question 94

most common cyst

Answer 94

periapical cyst

Question 95

dentigerous cyst aka

Answer 95

follicular cyst

Question 96

highest recurrence rate cyst

Answer 96

odontogenic keratocystic

Question 97

dentigerous cyst tx

Answer 97

remove tooth then curettage

Question 98

what is the most common non-odontogenic cyst of the oral cavity

Answer 98

nasopalatine duct cyst

Question 99

a dense, vertical radiopacity separating two paired oval radiolucencies were observed in the maxillary anterior region

Answer 99

nasal septum

Question 100

large paired oval radiolucencies separated by a dense, vertical radiopacity observed in the maxillary anterior region

Answer 100

max anterior nasal cavity

Question 101

a thin radiolucent line resembling a fracture observed between the maxillary anterior region

Answer 101

median palatal suture

Question 102

a round or pear shaped radiolucency observed between the maxillary central incisors

Answer 102

incisive foramen

Question 103

a broad U-shaped radiopacity was observed superimposed over the maxillary posterior teeth roots

Answer 103

zygomatic process of maxilla

Question 104

a radiopaque downward projection of the bone that appears pointed or hook-like observed in the far posterior region of the maxilla

Answer 104

hamulus

Question 105

a large triangular-shaped radiopacity was observed superimposed over the maxillary tuberosity region

Answer 105

coronoid process

Question 106

a large radiolucency outline by a thin radiopaque border that is observed in almost all the periapical radiographs of the maxilla, from the canine posteriorly

Answer 106

maxillary sinus

Question 107

a very small round radiolucency observed in the midline apical (below) the mandibular incisors

Answer 107

lingual foramen

Question 108

a horizontal radiopaque line extending from the premolar region to the symphysis

Answer 108

mental ridge

Question 109

a round radiolucency that resembles an abscess observed near the apex of the second premolar

Answer 109

mental foramen

Question 110

a horizontal radiopaque line was observed in the mandibular posterior region superimposed across the molar roots

Answer 110

oblique ridge

Question 111

another horizontal radiopaque line observed in the mandibular posterior region but inferior to the oblique ridge. the line observed is inferior to the molar roots

Answer 111

mylohyoid ridge

Question 112

a large irregularly shaped radiolucency observed below the mylohyloid ridge

Answer 112

submandibular fossa

Question 113

penumbra

Answer 113

area of unsharpness/lack of sharp detail

Question 114

Which combination of film speed and collimation for dental imaging will result in the lowest dose to the patient?

Answer 114

F-speed film with rectangular collimation