dental trauma classification

Question 1

What is the incidence of dental trauma in children learning to walk?

Answer 1

2-3 years

This period marks a significant time for potential dental injuries as children begin to walk.

Question 2

At what age is dental trauma commonly associated with playing sports?

Answer 2

8-10 years

Sports activities increase the risk of dental injuries during this age.

Question 3

What is a significant age when dental trauma is often linked to sports, drugs, and violence?

Answer 3

15 years

Adolescents may experience higher trauma rates due to various risk factors.

Question 4

Which gender experiences more dental trauma?

Answer 4

Boys

Boys are statistically more prone to injuries compared to girls.

Question 5

List some common causes of dental trauma.

Answer 5

• Bicycles
• Falls
• Violence
• Sports

These activities and situations are frequent sources of dental injuries.

Question 6

What are the predisposing factors for dental trauma? 3

Answer 6

• More injuries in the summer
• Environment - sports and activity profile
• Occlusion - overjet with protruded upper incisors and incompetent upper lip

Seasonal activities and specific dental occlusions can increase the risk of trauma.

Question 7

do sharp object or blunt object blows cause less damage?

Answer 7

Blunt object blow causes less damage than sharp object blow

The force dissipates differently depending on the object type.

Question 8

What physiological aspect makes mature teeth more susceptible to trauma than immature teeth?

Answer 8

Blood supply is easier to cut off in mature teeth as the blood supply is narrower

This can complicate healing after injury.

Question 9

Describe the 2 healing process of alveolar mucosa.

Answer 9

• Heal by primary intention - 2 sides can stick together
• Secondary intention - needs granulation tissue to heal

Different healing mechanisms affect recovery based on the injury type.

Question 10

What is Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath responsible for?

Answer 10

Guides tooth development at the root

This structure plays a crucial role in the formation of the tooth’s root.

Question 11

What is the consequence of secondary dentine formation?

Answer 11

Repairs the tooth but narrows the pulp chamber and may cause discolouration

This is a natural response to tooth trauma that can affect aesthetics.

Question 12

What are the considerations for treating primary teeth injuries?

Answer 12

• Developing permanent dentition behind
• Root may be resorbing away
• Pre-cooperative/limited cooperation

Primary teeth injuries require careful evaluation due to their impact on permanent teeth.

Question 13

what is the management of trauma in primary teeth

Answer 13

leave and monitor
extract if damage from direct trauma or infection/inflammation

Question 14

What is an enamel infraction?

Answer 14

Incomplete crack of enamel without loss of tooth structure

This is a minor form of dental injury classified by the WHO.

Question 15

Define enamel fracture.

Answer 15

Chipped enamel only off, resulting in tooth structure loss

This type of fracture involves visible damage but does not expose the dentin.

Question 16

What characterizes an enamel dentine fracture?

Answer 16

Loss of both enamel and dentine tooth structure

This injury is more severe than an enamel-only fracture.

Question 17

What happens in an enamel dentine pulp fracture?

Answer 17

Loss of tooth structure with exposure of pulp; exposed pulp sensitive to stimuli

This injury requires immediate attention due to the risk of infection.

Question 18

Describe a crown root fracture without pulpal involvement.

Answer 18

• Involves enamel, dentine, and cementum without pulpal exposure
• Crown fracture extending below the gingival margin
• TTP
• Mobile coronal fragment

This type of fracture indicates significant damage while preserving the pulp.

Question 19

describe a crown root fracture with pulpal involvement

Answer 19

Involved enamel, dentine and cementum and exposes the pulp

TTP

Mobile coronal fragment

Question 20

root fracture can be classified into what 3 types?

Answer 20

Cervical, mid third or apical

Question 21

clinical signs of root fracture 3

Answer 21

TTP maybe

-ve sensibility testing maybe

grey/red transient crown discolouration may occur

Question 22

what radiographs can horizontal plane fractures be seen with?

Answer 22

periapical

Question 23

what radiographs can Oblique plane fractures can be seen with

Answer 23

occlusal or varying horizontal angled radiographs

Question 24

What is a concussion in the context of periodontal injuries?

Answer 24

Bruised tooth

This injury indicates trauma without mobility of the tooth.

Question 25

clinical signs of concussion

Answer 25

TTP no displacement

Question 26

What differentiates subluxation from luxation?

Answer 26

Subluxation is loosened, while luxation involves displacement ## Footnote Both conditions require different treatment approaches based on tooth stability.

Question 27

clinical signs of subluxation

Answer 27

TTP Mobility Bleeding from gingival crevice, no displacement Sensibility testing may be negative initially - monitor

Question 28

what are the 3 types of luxation

Answer 28

extrusive intrusive lateral

Question 29

what is extrusive luxation

Answer 29

out from the socket

Question 30

clinical and radiographic signs of extrusive luxation

Answer 30

Tooth appears elongated and mobile Negative sensibility test results Radiographically increased PDL space apically

Question 31

what is this

Answer 31

extrusive luxation

Question 32

what is intrusive luxation

Answer 32

into the alveolar bone

Question 33

clinical and radiographical signs of intrusive luxation 3

Answer 33

Immobile high metallic sound on percussion Negative sensibility test results likely Radiographically no PDL space

Question 34

if root is displaced palatally is it more or less likely to damage the permanent successor tooth?

Answer 34

more likely to cause damage to successor tooth

Question 35

what is this

Answer 35

intrusive luxation

Question 36

what is lateral luxation

Answer 36

displacement with alveolar bone fracture

Question 37

clinical and radiographical signs of lateral luxation 5

Answer 37

Immobile High metallic sound on percussion Fractured alveolar process present Sensibility tests likely negative Radiographically - widening of PDL best seen on eccentric/occlusal exposure

Question 38

what is this

Answer 38

lateral luxation

Question 39

what is avulsion

Answer 39

tooth fell out

Question 40

should u re-implant a primary tooth?

Answer 40

Never re-implant a primary tooth ## Footnote Re-implantation is not advised due to potential damage to permanent successors.

Question 41

name 3 intra-oral soft tissue injuries

Answer 41

grazes/lacerations degloving injuries contusions

Question 42

what is a degloving injury

Answer 42

hit something and pulls your chin with enough force to rip the gingivae away

Question 43

what is a contusion

Answer 43

bruise of the soft tissue

Question 44

name 3 extra-oral soft tissue injuries

Answer 44

grazes/lacerations contusions inclusions of foreign bodies

Question 45

name 3 clinical and radiographical signs of an alveolus fracture

Answer 45

2 or more teeth moving together Occlusion change due to misalignment of fractured alveolar fragment Radiographically can be seen with 3 angulations and panoramic radiograph

Question 46

name 2 ways dental trauma can be prevented

Answer 46

overjet reduction gumshields

Question 47

What are the types of gumshields?

Answer 47

* Type I - stock tray * Type II - boil and bite * Type III - custom made ## Footnote Each type of gumshield has different characteristics and levels of protection.

Question 48

What is the ideal design for a mouthguard?

Answer 48

Covers the teeth and extends into the labial sulcus ## Footnote Proper coverage is crucial for effective protection during sports activities.