dentin and pulp complex

Question 1

dentin has some ______ (mechanically supports harder overlying enamel) and has tight scalloped ______

Answer 1

elasticity, dentinoenamel junction

Question 2

dentin by weight is _____ inorganic material, ______ organic material and ____ water

Answer 2

70%, 20%, 10%

Question 3

the inorganic material of dentin includes ________ and the organic material includes ______ collagen and _______ matrix proteins

Answer 3

calcium hydroxyapatite crystals, type 1 (3 and 4), non-collagenous

Question 4

in dentin type ______ collagen forms scaffold for mineral, although type ______ is amongst the first secreted

Answer 4

I, III

Question 5

primary dentin includes _____ dentin and ______ dentin

Answer 5

circumpulpal, mantle

Question 6

circumpulpal dentin includes _______ dentin and _______ dentin

Answer 6

peritubular, intertubular

Question 7

mantle dentin forms the ______

Answer 7

dentinoenamel junction

Question 8

secondary dentin is deposited after _____ formation

Answer 8

root

Question 9

tertiary dentin is ______ dentin containing odontoblasts that is formed in reaction to a stimulus like caries or dental procedure

Answer 9

reparative

Question 10

dentin forms much of the tooth and is similar to ____

Answer 10

bone

Question 11

dentin contains _______ located on the _____ surface of dentin adjacent to the pulp

Answer 11

odontoblasts, inner

Question 12

peritubular dentin is found at the _____ of the tubules and is _____ mineralized

Answer 12

walls, highly

Question 13

intertubular dentin is found between the ______ and is _____ mineralized

Answer 13

tubules, highly

Question 14

the primary dentin (mantle + circumpulpal) is formed before completion of the _______ and is rapidly _____ and _______ mineralized

Answer 14

apical foramen, formed, highly

Question 15

the circumpulpal dentin is the main body of the ______ dentin containing tubules and is formed after the ______ dentin

Answer 15

primary, mantle

Question 16

mantle dentin is the outermost layer near ________ underneath the enamel and is the ______ dentin formed

Answer 16

dentinoenamel junction, first

Question 17

secondary dentin is formed after the completion of the _______ and is _____ formed and _____ mineralized

Answer 17

apical foramen, slower, less

Question 18

tertiary dentin is formed as a result of localized ______ to exposed dentin and has irregular course of tubules that are not well _______ and placed ______

Answer 18

injury, organized, rapidly

Question 19

canaliculus is a part of the primary dentin with cytoplasmic connection between ______ processes

Answer 19

odontoblast

Question 20

predentin is ________, analogous to osteoid during bone formation and contains mostly collagen type ____ (lower levels of type ___ and ____), dentin _______, substratum for mineralization and the ______ secrete the collagen

Answer 20

unmineralized, I, III, V, phosphoprotein, odontoblasts

Question 21

predentin is secreted at a rate of _____ per day

Answer 21

4um

Question 22

Major noncollagenous matrix
proteins of dentin
– Dentin phosphoprotein/phosphophoryn (______)
– Dentin sialoprotein (____)
– Dentin glycoprotein (_____)
– Dentin matrix protein I (_____)
– ______
– Bone sialoprotein (______)
– _______

Answer 22

DPP, DSP, DGP, DMP1, Osteonectin, BSP, Osteopontin

Question 23

secondary dentin develops after root _______, is a narrow band bordering the ______, deposits at around ______ per day, has fewer ______, and is formed at greater amounts near the roof of the _______ to protect the pulp horns

Answer 23

completion, pulp, 1um, tubules, pulp chamber

Question 24

in tertiary dentin odontoblasts differentiate at site of injury and produce dentin with
______ and ______ tubules

Answer 24

sparse, irregular

Question 25

Dentinogenesis begins during the bell stage and dentin is a cellular product produced by ______

Answer 25

odontoblasts

Question 26

Odontoblasts differentiate from ectomesenchymal cells of the _______ and need to differentiate into protein secreting cells

Answer 26

dental papilla

Question 27

________ of the inner enamel epithelium induce odontoblast formation and differentiation.

Answer 27

Presecretory ameloblasts

Question 28

The process of dentinogenesis starts first in the ______ of the developing tooth (coronal dentin), then later in the ______ (root dentin), a process driven by Hertwig’s root sheath

Answer 28

cuspal region, root

Question 29

during the formation of odontoblasts, cells of the inner enamel epithelium reverse _____, ectomesenchymal cells adjoining the acellular zone rapidly ______ and ______ and become preodontoblasts and then odontoblasts, the odontoblasts differentiate and increase in size to occupy the acellular zone between the ______ and the presecretory ________.

Answer 29

polarity, enlarge, elongate, dental papilla, ameloblasts

Question 30

When presectory ameloblasts change _______ then odontoblasts appear

Answer 30

polarity

Question 31

pre-odontoblasts proliferation and differentiation begins with the division of ______ cells, after mitosis one daughter cell remains undifferentiated while the other differentiates into an _______

Answer 31

precursor, odontoblast

Question 32

Deciduous teeth root dentin finishes _____ months after eruption and permanent teeth finishes _____ years after eruption

Answer 32

18, 2 – 3

Question 33

in preodontoblasts there is more cytoplasmic organelles, including _______ endoplasmic reticulum and ________ and the nucleus becomes ______ within the cell, i.e., it is now located at the _______ of the cell away from the inner enamel epithelium

Answer 33

rough, Golgi complexes, polarized, base

Question 34

secretory odontoblasts are tall columnar cells with extensive ______ endoplasmic reticulum, elaborate _______ and secretory vesicles, they synthesize and elaborate _______ and these cells now secrete Type ____ collagen and ground substance extracellularly in much the same way as fibroblasts.

Answer 34

rough, Golgi complexes , extracellular material, I

Question 35

Unmineralized dentin is ______

Answer 35

predentin

Question 36

Odontoblasts elaborate a small cellular process within the secreted predentin which will become embedded in enamel at the dentinoenamel junction later and will be known as the ________

Answer 36

enamel spindle.

Question 37

As the odontoblasts migrate towards the _____ as more dentin is formed the odontoblastic processes becomes longer and are embedded within the dentine in ______

Answer 37

pulp, tubules

Question 38

First sign of dentinogenesis is deposition of _______ fibers initiating predentin formation which contain collagen type ____ fibers, with fibronectin

Answer 38

von (Von) Korff’s, III

Question 39

during dentinogenesis ________ is deposited, dentine matrix ______ then appear and vesicles grow and then release _____

Answer 39

collagen, vesicles, matrix

Question 40

Mineralization of dentin tends to occur in small, round discrete areas called _______

Answer 40

calcospherites

Question 41

calcospherites eventually coalesce to form a globular solid mass of mineralized dentin but if they do not fuse completely, we see regions of uncalcified dentin called ________

Answer 41

inter- globular dentin

Question 42

Linear calcification forms when mineralization progresses ______

Answer 42

slowly

Question 43

Globular calcification occurs when there are mineralization _____ that continue to grow _____

Answer 43

foci, larger

Question 44

Sclerotic dentin occurs when the dentinal tubules become ______ and this dentin increases with _____

Answer 44

occluded, age

Question 45

Tubules in _______ may fill with bacteria, they stain darkly in histologic sections and odontoblast processes in these tubules may disintegrate leaving behind an empty tubules referred to as a ______

Answer 45

carious lesions, dead tract

Question 46

Odontoblasts deposit dentin in daily increments and every 5 days there is a change in orientation of collagen fibers resulting in the incremental lines of _______

Answer 46

von Ebner

Question 47

Contour lines _______ are exaggerated incremental lines that reflect changes in _______ status or ______ in the individual during the period of dentinogenesis and _____ also correlates with formation of a contour line

Answer 47

of Owen, nutritional, disease, birth

Question 48

The pulp is derived from the mass of the _______

Answer 48

dental papilla

Question 49

Dental pulp is ________ and has a pulp chamber and a root canal that terminates as _______

Answer 49

connective tissue, apical foramen

Question 50

pulp is connective tissue with 4 zones that include _______ layer, cell (partially) ______ zone of Weil, cell _____ zone and the _____ core

Answer 50

odontoblastic, “free", rich, pulp

Question 51

the odontoblastic layer lines outer ______ wall and consists of cell bodies of odontoblasts, which may form ______ dentin, causing cell bodies to realign themselves; cell bodies of afferent axons from dentinal tubules located between cell bodies of odontoblasts

Answer 51

pulpal, secondary

Question 52

the cell free zone contains fewer cells than odontoblastic layer and the ________ and _______ are located here

Answer 52

nerve plexus of Raschkow, capillary plexus

Question 53

the cell rich zone contains increased density of cells compared with cell-free zone and more extensive ______

Answer 53

vascular supply

Question 54

the pulpal core is located in center of _______ and is similar to cell-rich zone with many cells and extensive _______

Answer 54

pulp chamber, vascular supply

Question 55

Other cells types in pulp include: * ________ that make pulp matrix * Undifferentiated ________ cells (dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs)). These cells are a rich resource for the dentin-pulp complex because they can transform into fibroblasts or odontoblasts if either cell population is reduced after injury. * _________ * _________ (Mostly T) * _________ cells (antigen presenting cells)

Answer 55

Fibroblasts, ectomesenchymal, Macrophages, Lymphocytes, Dendritic

Question 56

the extracellular matrix of pulp includes collagen (__ and ___) with matrix components such as ________, _______, and ______

Answer 56

I, III, glycosaminoglycans, glycoproteins, water

Question 57

The pulp contains __________ plexi which describes blood vessels and the nerve plexus of ______ for nerve fibers

Answer 57

fenestrated capillary, Raschkow

Question 58

sensory nerve fibers can track with _______ processes into the dentin tubules for signaling

Answer 58

odotoblasts

Question 59

dentin/pulp complex is sensitive with the application of cold ____ or _____, mechanical _____ or _______ to dentin all result in pain

Answer 59

air, water, contacts, dehydration

Question 60

aging will cause a decrease in volume of _______ due to continued deposition of dentin, reduction of _________, reduced cell _______ with an increase of fibrous bundles, loss of ______ and ______ sensitivity, and ______

Answer 60

pulp chamber, vascular supply, density, axons, pulp, calcifications

Question 61

________(calcified masses) can reduce the overall number of cells within the pulp and act as an impediment to débridement (removal of dead/unhealthy tissue)

Answer 61

Pulp stones

Question 62

aging can cause dentin to gradually reduce in ______, cause complete closure or translucent ______ dentin, increase _______, and cause ______

Answer 62

diameter, sclerotic, brittleness, dead tracts