Structure and Function of Nervous Tissue Flashcards
(92 cards)
the human nervous system consists of 2 anatomically separate but functionally interdependent divisions called the ________ and the ________
central nervous system, peripheral nervous system
the central nervous system includes the ______ and ______
spinal cord, brain
the peripheral nervous system contains ______ elements that conduct information into the ________ and ______ elements that conduct signals from the central nervous system to _______
sensory, central nervous system, motor, effector cells
the type of morphology that is most common for neurons is the ______
multipolar
the ______ neuron is found in olfactory systems or used for vision
bipolar
the ________ neuron is found in sensory ganglia of cranial and spinal nerves
pseudounipolar
all neurons have the same general functional specialization to rapidly and precisely receive
and transmit ______ from one cell to another where the _______ receive information and _____ transmit information.
information, dendrites, axons
each neuron of the body has a single axon that divides, extending one branch/projection into
_________ to receive sensory information while the other branch extends into ______ to transmit that information into spinal cord or brain
peripheral tissue, central nervous system
the presynaptic terminal of a neuron houses the _______ waiting for release
neurotransmitters
the postsynaptic contacts contains the ______
neurotransmitter receptors
presynaptic terminals are characterized by presence of numerous vesicles containing ________ and contain _______ to provide ATP
neurotransmitters, mitochondria
the postsynaptic contacts consisting of clustered neurotransmitter ______ and their associated proteins
receptors
Neurons communicate via ______
synapses
Glutamate is the major _______ neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and activation of its glutamatergic synapses makes a neuron ______ likely to fire a signal
excitatory, more
GABA is the major _______ neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and activation of its GABAergic synapses makes a neuron _____ likely to fire a signal
inhibitory, less
the 4 steps of neurotransmitter vesicle based transport include budding, diffusion or motor driven movement, ______ and _______
tethering, fusion
fusion of a vesicle involves recognition of _______ and _______ proteins, which interlock and force the donor and acceptor membranes together and trans-membrane receptors are thus delivered to the target membrane, and cargoes released into ______
v-SNARE, t-SNARE, synaptic cleft
SNARE-dependent fusion of synaptic vesicles and neurotransmitter release is highly _________ dependent
calcium
during synaptic vesicle transmission once the v-SNAREs and t-SNAREs connect, ca2+ enters and binds to ca2+ binding sites on ______ in the SNARE bundle allowing for the pores to open and neurotransmitters to be ______
v-SNAREs, released
________ from clostridium botulinum and clostridium tetani bacteria cleave synaptic vesicle SNAREs
Neurotoxins
Fusion of neurotransmitter vesicles is triggered when voltage-gated calcium channels in the presynaptic terminal ______, triggering rapid calcium influx.
open
dendritic spines are sites of post-synaptic ______
input
Communication in the nervous system exploits a
property common to all cells, namely using
________ and _______ to actively distribute ions non-uniformly across the membrane resulting in a _______ existing across the membrane
pumps, channels, voltage potential
The axon initial segment is highly enriched in
voltage-gated ______ channels that open when
membrane voltage goes ______ a threshold value
Na+, above