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notion 2 > Derm > Flashcards

Derm Flashcards

1
Q

what are ephelis

A

freckles

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2
Q

people with freckles has how many defective copy of MC1R gene

A

one

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3
Q

ace spots

A

actinic lentigenes

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4
Q

another that has elongated rate ridges

A

actinic letingenes

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5
Q

melanocytci nave are

A

common moles

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6
Q

child moose is

A

junctional

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7
Q

intradermal nave is often

A

flesh coloured

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8
Q

CDKN2A gene increases risk of

A

atypical naevi that need to be removed due to melanoma risk

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9
Q

what is a difference between dysplastic naevi and melonoma

A

epidermis not affected in dysplastic naves

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10
Q

blue naevi contain

A

dendritic spindle cells

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11
Q

pink spot thing in under 20

A

spitz naevus

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12
Q

seaborrhoeic keratosis is also called

A

basal cell papilloma

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13
Q

what is the laser trelat sign

A

abrupt eruption of many seabrorheic keratosis which can suggest malignancy

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14
Q

what is a proliferation of fibroblasts caused by reaction to insect bite

A

dermatofibroma

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15
Q

describe a dermatofibroma

A

unchanging firm lesion, skin coloured or brownish

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16
Q

dermoscopy of dermatofibroma shows

A

scar like white centre

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17
Q

bulbous pemphigoid is what type hypersensitivity

A

2

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18
Q

blisters are where in bullies

A

sub -epidermal

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19
Q

bullous is typically where on skin

A

flexural regions

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20
Q

what can be used as a steriod sparing agent in bulbous pemphigoid

A

tetracyclines

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21
Q

pemphigus and vulgaris and bullous pepmogiid are usually in what ages

A

pemphigus - 40-60
bulllous- 60+

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22
Q

bulbous pepmohoidg is what hypersensitivity

A

2

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23
Q

pemphigus also affects

A

mucous membranes

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24
Q

blisters are what in vulgaris

A

painful

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25
Q

chicken wire deposition of egg within epidermis

A

vulgaris

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26
Q

linear iGg

A

bullous

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27
Q

associated with HLA DQ2

A

dermatitis herpetiformis

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28
Q

dermatitis herpetiformis- IgA targets what

A

gliadin- but can cross react with tissue transglutimasne

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29
Q

what also causes sub epidermal blisters

A

dermatitis herpetiformis

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30
Q

papillary micro abscess

A

dermatitis herpetiformis

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31
Q

what can increase risk of small bowel lymphoma

A

dermatitis herpetiformis

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32
Q

corynebacterium acnes is what kind of bacteria

A

anaerobic

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33
Q

what can increase sebum

A

increased androgens

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34
Q

systemic treatment if under 12 for acne

A

erithromycin or clarithromycin

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35
Q

systemic treatment for ace and over 12

A

lymecycline or doxycycline or erithromycin/ clarithromycin

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36
Q

what is roaccutane

A

isotretinoin

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37
Q

what spares naso labial folds

A

rosacea

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38
Q

antibiotic if needed for rosacea

A

doxycycline

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39
Q

3rd line for rosacea

A

isoretinoin

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40
Q

what is thickening of the skin

A

rhinophyma

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41
Q

crusting in eczema indicates

A

staph aureus

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42
Q

monomorphic punched out lesions

A

eczema herpticum - hepres simplex

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43
Q

atopic dermatitis has mutation in what gene

A

fillagrin

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44
Q

filament does what

A

decreases AMP

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45
Q

nodular prig is very itchy nodules of atopic eczema seen in what patients

A

black

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46
Q

what will be present in dry related eczema

A

eosinophils

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47
Q

how is cradle cap (seaborrhoeic eczema) treated

A

tends to resolve with age

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48
Q

what is a sudden acute flare up of eczema where the spongiotic vesicles join together - classical side of fingers that are intensely itchy

A

Dyshidrotic eczema or pompholyx

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49
Q

biological agents for very severe atopic eczema target

A

IL4/13

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50
Q

swift withdraw of steroids can cause

A

rebound psoriasis

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51
Q

drugs that can precipitate psoriasis

A

beta blockers
lithium
anti malarial

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52
Q

hallmark of psoriasis

A

inflammation

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53
Q

are plaques reversible in posriaisi

A

yes

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54
Q

plasmacytoid produce what

A

interferon alpha

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55
Q

what is munro micro abscesses

A

complement attracts neutrophils to keratin layer

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56
Q

flexural psoriasis does not have … and colonised by

A

scale and candida yeast

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57
Q

pustular psoriasis is petechiae and pustules on

A

palms and soles

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58
Q

erythdrodemris psoriasis characterised by

A

systemic illness

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59
Q

sebopsoriasis is colonised by

A

malassezia

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60
Q

palmoplantar psoriasis has

A

painful fissuring

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61
Q

what cell are particularly in the upper epidermis in psoriasis

A

neutrophils

62
Q

coal tar is most commonly used for

A

scalp psoriasis

63
Q

salicylic is a

A

keratinolytic

64
Q

what phototherapy is used for plaque and gutter psoriasis

A

UVB

65
Q

lichen planus is associated with hepatitis

A

C

66
Q

irregular sawtooth acanthosis, cymoid bodies, hypergranuloss and orthohyperkeratosis

A

lichen Planus

67
Q

mx for Leichen Plinus

A

steriod and antigiatmine both topical

68
Q

most common drug eruption

A

exanthematous drug eruption

69
Q

most commonly associated with drug eruption s

A

antibiotics
nsaids
anti epileptics
allopurinol
chloramphenicol

70
Q

how long does drug eruption occur after taking drug

A

4-21 days after

71
Q

aspirin for first time can cause

A

urticarial drug reaction

72
Q

steriods can cause acne

A
73
Q

what can cause drug induced bullous pemphigoid

A

acei, penicillin and furosemide

74
Q

well demarcated round/. oval plaques which recur at the same time a drug is taken

A

fixed drug eruption

75
Q

antibiotics associated with fixed drug eruptions are

A

tetracycline, doxycycline

76
Q

drugs that can cause phottotoxic drug reaction

A

Nsais, diretics, amiodarone, tetracycline ad ciprofloxacin

77
Q

drug causing immediate prickling

A

amioarone

78
Q

exaggerated sunburn drugs

A

thiazides

79
Q

skin prick testing can trigger what

A

SJS, TEN and DRESS so not indicated in those with severe cutaneous drub reactions

80
Q

facial oedema

A

drug reaction with eosinophils and systemic symptoms (dress)

81
Q

first lien for impetigo

A

fusidic acid

82
Q

severe impetigo needs

A

flucloaxiclli or clarithrmycin with fusidic acid

83
Q

cellulitis is more common in

A

diabetics

84
Q

antibiotics for cellulitis

A

flucloaxicillin

85
Q

causative organism of erysipelas

A

strep pyrogens

86
Q

how does necrotising fasciitis present

A

ceulltiis that is not responding to infection

87
Q

nec fast may also have

A

disproportionate pain , crepitus and purple skin

88
Q

target lesions

A

erythema multiform or toxic epidermal necrolysis

89
Q

what does skin do after chronic sun exposure

A

thickens

90
Q

xeroderma pigmentsoum caused by deficiency in what

A

DNA repair mechanism

91
Q

xeroderma pgmentosum presentation

A

severe photosensitivity, accelerated photo ageing

92
Q

enzyme deficiency is acute intermittent porphoryia

A

porphobilinogne deaminase

93
Q

symptoms of acute intermittent porphyria

A

acute abdomen

94
Q

urine sines pink instead of blue in

A

prophoryia cutanea tarda

95
Q

prophoryia cuaena tarda présents with

A

blistering lesions on sun exposed sites

96
Q

erythropeotic is most seen in

A

children

97
Q

enzyme deficiency in erythropeotic protoprophyria

A

fxrrochelastase

98
Q

erythropoietin may not have rash but will have

A

burning and itching of skin on sun exposed sites - child screaming when they are placed out in sun

99
Q

avoid what in erythropoietin

A

iron

100
Q

vit a deficney presents as

A

keratitis follicular pupils om thighs and upper arms

101
Q

vit k defiecny présents

A

bleeding tendency, easy bruising

102
Q

vit B2 deificny (riboflavin)

A

painful red dry tongue

103
Q

vit b3 deficiency (niacin)

A

pellagra - dermatitis, delirium, diarrhoea

104
Q

vit C deficiency presets

A

hyperkeratosis around hair follicles, bent hairs, inflamed gums

105
Q

zinc is vital for

A

wound healing

106
Q

zinc deficiency

A

dermatitis rash of hands and feet

107
Q

acrodermatis enteropathic is deficient in

A

zinc

108
Q

what % of actinic keratosis turn into SCC

A

under 1%

109
Q

what feels gritty and rough

A

actinic keratosis

110
Q

photodynamic therapy

A

5-flurouracil and imiquimoid

111
Q

what is a SCC in site

A

Bowens

112
Q

Bowens has a strong link with

A

HPV 16 and 18

113
Q

cryotherapy can be given for

A

bwoens and actinic keratosis

114
Q

what is a rapidly growing epidermal tumour

A

keratoacanthoma

115
Q

what develops as a red papule with a central crater like crusty keratinous plug

A

keratocanthoma

116
Q

out of actinic keratosis and Bowens which one is full and which is partial thickness dysplasia of epidermal keratoinocytes

A

full - Bowens

117
Q

most common malignant skin tumour

A

BCC

118
Q

what has a defect of tyrosinase resulting in absence of melanin

A

albinism

119
Q

rodent ulcer

A

BCC

120
Q

whipcord Margin

A

BCC

121
Q

infiltrative BCC characterised by

A

thickened yellowish plaques

122
Q

what must be done if non surgical treatments are going to be used for a BCC

A

incision biopsy to check diagnosis

123
Q

mohs microscopic surgery preferred for what BCC

A

infiltrative and tumours involving nasal creases as these are more likely to recur

124
Q

vismodegib is a

A

hedgehog inhibitor for advanced cancer patients

125
Q

treatment of choice for BCC

A

wide excision with histology

126
Q

most common skin cancer in the imunocompised is

A

SCC

127
Q

warty or hyperkeratoric crusted lump or ulcer

A

SCC

128
Q

some acral melanomas have what mutations

A

c- kit

129
Q

only what melanomas can metastasis

A

Vertical growth ones

130
Q

nodular melanomas have no what

A

radial growth phase

131
Q

satellite deposits when

A

local dermal lymphatics

132
Q

satellite deposits suggest

A

melanoma

133
Q

what is the first excisions for melanoma

A

narrow- to confirm diagnosis and asses breslow depth

134
Q

what can assess metastasis in melanoma

A

sentinel lymph node biopsy

135
Q

venous ulcers are cause by

A

elevation of venous pressure - veins dilate and valves become incompetent

136
Q

venous insufficiency can be a rf for

A

DVT /PE

137
Q

venous ulcer are

A

shallow

138
Q

punched out appearance in foot

A

arterial ulcer

139
Q

cold white and shiny

A

arterial ulcer

140
Q

relieved at night by hanging legs of bed

A

arterial ulcer

141
Q

what rules out arterial disease

A

duplex scan

142
Q

blood in type 1 allergy 70-75% shows

A

specific iG E

143
Q

do skin prick if

A

blood are negative

144
Q

what confirms anaphylaxis

A

seum mast cell tryptase levels

145
Q

plan for acute allergic reaction

A

first sign of reaction give chlopheanmine
2. if not resolve over next 30 mins then give prednisolone
3, if blue or collapses give adrenaline

146
Q

diffuse plexiform neuroma

A

NF1

147
Q

what may present as infantile seizures

A

tuberose sclerosis

148
Q

shagreen patches and enamel pitting

A

tuberose sclerosis

149
Q

periungal fibromas, facial angiofibromas(may cause seizure), hamatomas/ agniomylipmas, bone cysts

A

tuberose sclerosis

150
Q

periungal fibromas, facial angiofibromas(may cause seizure), hamatomas/ agniomylipmas, bone cysts

A

tuberose sclerosis

151
Q

tuberose sclerosis is autosomal

A

dominant

152
Q

blister formation in response to mechanical trauma

A

epidermolysis bullosa

notion 2 (9 decks)

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