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notion 2 > optho > Flashcards

optho Flashcards

1
Q

herpes zoster conjunctivitis causes

A

shingles rash

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2
Q

herpes simplex conjunctivitis causes

A

vesicles

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3
Q

over 50% of those with herpes simplex conductivitis will develop what

A

dendritic ulcer

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4
Q

what bacterial cause of conjucvititis is especially seen in children

A

H. influenza

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5
Q

chlormapheicol treats most bacteria except

A

pseudomonas

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6
Q

what treats staph aureus

A

fusidic acid

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7
Q

bilateral conjucitivtis in YA

A

chlamydial

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8
Q

antibiotic for chlamydial conjunctivitis

A

oxytetracycline

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9
Q

episcleritis is more .. than scleritis

A

superficial

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10
Q

hypopn seen in

A

keratitis, anterior uveitis

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11
Q

investigation for keratitis

A

corneal scrape for gram stain and culture

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12
Q

when should you also culture contact lens

A

acanthamoeba keratitis

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13
Q

ofloxacin treats most gram

A

negatives

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14
Q

dendritic ulcer also known as

A

herpes keratitis

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15
Q

what has unilateral symptoms

A

anterior uveitis

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16
Q

what is dull, aching and painful red eye

A

anterior uveitis

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17
Q

synchiae is a small or irregular pupil seen in

A

anterior uveitis

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18
Q

keratin precipitates seen in

A

anterior uveitis

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18
Q

keratin precipitates seen in

A

anterior uveitis

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19
Q

cloudy cornea, pupil mid dilated and eye stony hard

A

AACG

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20
Q

orbital cellulitis is infection of orbital tissue posterior to what

A

orbital septum

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21
Q

what is often associated with paranasal sinusitis

A

orbital cellulitis

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22
Q

what scan for orbital cellulitis

A

CT

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23
Q

most common cause of endophthalmittis

A

staph epidermis

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24
Q

very red eye with decreasing Vision

A

endophthalmitis

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25
Q

what is also given alongside antibiotics for endopthalmtitis

A

intravitreal amikacin

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26
Q

bacterial blepharirits is usually

A

staphylococci

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27
Q

posterior blepharitis is inflammation of the

A

meibomian glands

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28
Q

recurrent hordeolum could be

A

blepharitis

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29
Q

if self care measures do not work what antibiotics do you prescribe

A

anterior- chloramphenicol and posterior is doxycycline

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30
Q

complications of blepahrirtis

A

stye or chalazion

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31
Q

what is the onset for chalazion

A

weeks

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32
Q

is chalazion painful

A

no

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33
Q

is chalazion painful

A

no

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34
Q

stye is usually from what bacterial infection

A

staphyloccocci

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35
Q

what can also cause CRAO

A

GCA

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36
Q

outer 1/3 of the retina is supplied by

A

choroid

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37
Q

what is a sign of CRAO

A

RAPD

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38
Q

CRVO aetiology is not atherosclerotic but is vrichows triad so includes

A

diabetes, hypertension, cancer

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39
Q

what is released in CRVO

A

VEGF

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40
Q

macular oedema is seen in

A

CRVO

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41
Q

vitreous haemorrhage may describe of new onset of

A

floaters

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42
Q

what is a sign of vitreous haemorrhage

A

loss of red reflex

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43
Q

sclera thinning is a sign of

A

pathologic myopia

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44
Q

lacquer cracks Fuchs spots and posterior staphyloma seen in

A

pathologic myopia

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45
Q

yellowish lesion around optic disc could be

A

pathologic myopia

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46
Q

what is used to look for choroidal neovascualrasion

A

fluorescein angiography

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47
Q

what can be sued to create adhesion to prevent detachment in retinal tears

A

laser therapy or cryotherapy

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48
Q

posterior vitreous detachment is a rf for

A

retinal detachment

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49
Q

non rhegmatogenous means

A

detachment without any retinal tears

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50
Q

what is the most common cause of non rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

A

formation of vitreoretinal bands most commonly due to proliferative diabetic retinopathy

51
Q

sudden onset of floaters flashes preceding visual loss indicates what

A

posterior vitreal detachment

52
Q

onset of retinal detachment

A

progresive visual field loss

53
Q

floaters are

A

spots or strings

54
Q

photopsia is a flash and can be seen in posterior vitreous detachment

A

yep

55
Q

mx for posterior vitreous detachment

A

no treatment necessary as symptoms improve as brain adjusts

56
Q

vitreomacula traction (incomplete posterior vitreous detachment) causes

A

metamorphosia and decreased vision

57
Q

what presents as hyperopia and metamorphosia

A

central serous chorioretinoapthy

58
Q

most common finding in central serous chorioretinopathy.

A

small, focal hyperfluorscent RPE leak

59
Q

what is almost always associated with PVD

A

epiretinal membrane

60
Q

what is epiretinal membrane

A

scar tissue forms across the inner surface of the retina

61
Q

central field vision loss and metamorphosis

A

macular Hole

62
Q

subfoveal spot or ring can be noted in what

A

macular Hole

63
Q

chorioretinis is usually a response to what

A

infection

64
Q

chorioretinitis is usually seen in what kind of patients

A

immunodeficient

65
Q

how does chorioretinis present

A

reduced visual acuity with floaters

66
Q

toxoplasma gondii associated with

A

contaminated soil and undercooked meat

67
Q

round worm - ocular toxocaracanis can form

A

eosinophils granulomas

68
Q

toxoplasma gondii require what

A

systemic treatment eg azithromycin

69
Q

gradual central vision missing (scotoma)

A

dry AMD

70
Q

rapid central vision loss and metamophospia

A

WET AMD

71
Q

head tilt palsy to

A

trochlear - 4

72
Q

what suggests bilateral CN 4 palsy

A

child down head posture

73
Q

what has impairment of adduction

A

internuclear opthalmoplegia

74
Q

what is a common cause in younger patients of internuclear ophthalmoplegia

A

MS

75
Q

homonymous hemianopia affects

A

optic tracts

76
Q

homonymous quadrantanopia affects

A

optic radiation

77
Q

optic atrophy involves death of

A

retinal ganglion cell axons

78
Q

macular sparing means what is affected

A

occipital cortex

79
Q

ischaemic optic neuroapthy involves occlusion of what

A

posterior ciliary arteries

80
Q

gca can also cause

A

ischaemic optic neuropathy

81
Q

ischaemic optic neuroapth presents

A

sudden vision loss that is usually painless

82
Q

pale swollen disc

A

iscahemic optic neuroapthy

83
Q

iCP is the sum of

A

brain, blood and CSF

84
Q

what is a common cause of bilateral disc swelling in young females

A

idiopathic intracranial hypertension

85
Q

headache is often seen in

A

papilooedema so is enlarged blind spot

86
Q

disc swelling is

A

papilloedema

87
Q

what are rf for glaucoma

A

myopia and afro Caribbean

88
Q

in what glaucoma is the meshwork patent

A

closed angle

89
Q

cloudy cornea and dilated pupil

A

glaucoma

90
Q

does all open angle glaucoma have high IOP

A

no

91
Q

what is given immediately in closed angle glaucoma

A

pilocarpine

92
Q

what is deficnitive for closed angle

A

laser periperal iridotomy

93
Q

what is prostonoid the first line for

A

open angle glaucoma

94
Q

UV is a rf for

A

cataract

95
Q

what is this talking about- epithelium of the lens matures with time and eventually the cell contents are replaced and the nucleus disappears

A

cataracts

96
Q

light rays focus on more than one point

A

astigmatism

97
Q

lens for myopia

A

concave

98
Q

complications of myopia

A

retinal detachment and open angle glaucoma

99
Q

complication of hyperophia

A

closed angle glaucoma

100
Q

what causes distorted vision at all distances

A

astigmatism - cylindrical lens

101
Q

age related loss of vision similar to hyperophia

A

presbyopia

102
Q

corneal reflections will be asymtertical in

A

strabismus

103
Q

if strabismus not corrected it can cause

A

amblyopia (lazy eye)

104
Q

what is ruptured in globe rupture

A

sclera

105
Q

what scan for intra ocular foreign bodies

A

always x ray

106
Q

signs of penetrating foreign body

A

irregular pupil, shallow anterior chamber

107
Q

what can identify any aqueous leak from foreign body

A

flureoscein

108
Q

penetrating injury to one eye results in reaction in both eyes

A

sympathetic opthlamia

109
Q

condition that shows muscle weakness and inability to relax after muscle contraction

A

myotonic dystrophy

110
Q

stellate posterior cortical cataract and Christmas tree cataract

A

myotonic dystrophy

111
Q

ocular features in NF1

A

optic glioma and lisch nodules

112
Q

what is a lisch nodule

A

yellow or brown dome shaped nodule

113
Q

what activates orbital fibroblasts

A

thyroid eye disease

114
Q

can thyroid eye disease but still have euthyroid

A

yes

115
Q

proptosis can predispose to

A

corneal ulceration

116
Q

scleromalacia perforans and peripheral ulcerative keratitis can be seen in

A

RA

117
Q

punctate epitehlial erosion

A

sjogrens

118
Q

mutton fat keratin precipitates seen in

A

sarcoidosis, Tb, syphillis

119
Q

posterior synechiae

A

anterior uveitis

120
Q

bulls eye amculopathy

A

hydroxchloroquine

121
Q

diabetes can cause

A

retinal detachment and recurrent vitreous haemorrhage

122
Q

what are features of vitreous haemorrhage

A

floaters and severe visual loss

123
Q

laser in diabetic eye disease is used for

A

macular oedema

124
Q

vitrectomy in diabetic eye disease is used for

A

vitreous haemorrhage or retinal detachment

notion 2 (9 decks)

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