optho Flashcards
(125 cards)
1
Q
herpes zoster conjunctivitis causes
A
shingles rash
2
Q
herpes simplex conjunctivitis causes
A
vesicles
3
Q
over 50% of those with herpes simplex conductivitis will develop what
A
dendritic ulcer
4
Q
what bacterial cause of conjucvititis is especially seen in children
A
H. influenza
5
Q
chlormapheicol treats most bacteria except
A
pseudomonas
6
Q
what treats staph aureus
A
fusidic acid
7
Q
bilateral conjucitivtis in YA
A
chlamydial
8
Q
antibiotic for chlamydial conjunctivitis
A
oxytetracycline
9
Q
episcleritis is more .. than scleritis
A
superficial
10
Q
hypopn seen in
A
keratitis, anterior uveitis
11
Q
investigation for keratitis
A
corneal scrape for gram stain and culture
12
Q
when should you also culture contact lens
A
acanthamoeba keratitis
13
Q
ofloxacin treats most gram
A
negatives
14
Q
dendritic ulcer also known as
A
herpes keratitis
15
Q
what has unilateral symptoms
A
anterior uveitis
16
Q
what is dull, aching and painful red eye
A
anterior uveitis
17
Q
synchiae is a small or irregular pupil seen in
A
anterior uveitis
18
Q
keratin precipitates seen in
A
anterior uveitis
18
Q
keratin precipitates seen in
A
anterior uveitis
19
Q
cloudy cornea, pupil mid dilated and eye stony hard
A
AACG
20
Q
orbital cellulitis is infection of orbital tissue posterior to what
A
orbital septum
21
Q
what is often associated with paranasal sinusitis
A
orbital cellulitis
22
Q
what scan for orbital cellulitis
A
CT
23
Q
most common cause of endophthalmittis
A
staph epidermis
24
very red eye with decreasing Vision
endophthalmitis
25
what is also given alongside antibiotics for endopthalmtitis
intravitreal amikacin
26
bacterial blepharirits is usually
staphylococci
27
posterior blepharitis is inflammation of the
meibomian glands
28
recurrent hordeolum could be
blepharitis
29
if self care measures do not work what antibiotics do you prescribe
anterior- chloramphenicol and posterior is doxycycline
30
complications of blepahrirtis
stye or chalazion
31
what is the onset for chalazion
weeks
32
is chalazion painful
no
33
is chalazion painful
no
34
stye is usually from what bacterial infection
staphyloccocci
35
what can also cause CRAO
GCA
36
outer 1/3 of the retina is supplied by
choroid
37
what is a sign of CRAO
RAPD
38
CRVO aetiology is not atherosclerotic but is vrichows triad so includes
diabetes, hypertension, cancer
39
what is released in CRVO
VEGF
40
macular oedema is seen in
CRVO
41
vitreous haemorrhage may describe of new onset of
floaters
42
what is a sign of vitreous haemorrhage
loss of red reflex
43
sclera thinning is a sign of
pathologic myopia
44
lacquer cracks Fuchs spots and posterior staphyloma seen in
pathologic myopia
45
yellowish lesion around optic disc could be
pathologic myopia
46
what is used to look for choroidal neovascualrasion
fluorescein angiography
47
what can be sued to create adhesion to prevent detachment in retinal tears
laser therapy or cryotherapy
48
posterior vitreous detachment is a rf for
retinal detachment
49
non rhegmatogenous means
detachment without any retinal tears
50
what is the most common cause of non rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
formation of vitreoretinal bands most commonly due to proliferative diabetic retinopathy
51
sudden onset of floaters flashes preceding visual loss indicates what
posterior vitreal detachment
52
onset of retinal detachment
progresive visual field loss
53
floaters are
spots or strings
54
photopsia is a flash and can be seen in posterior vitreous detachment
yep
55
mx for posterior vitreous detachment
no treatment necessary as symptoms improve as brain adjusts
56
vitreomacula traction (incomplete posterior vitreous detachment) causes
metamorphosia and decreased vision
57
what presents as hyperopia and metamorphosia
central serous chorioretinoapthy
58
most common finding in central serous chorioretinopathy.
small, focal hyperfluorscent RPE leak
59
what is almost always associated with PVD
epiretinal membrane
60
what is epiretinal membrane
scar tissue forms across the inner surface of the retina
61
central field vision loss and metamorphosis
macular Hole
62
subfoveal spot or ring can be noted in what
macular Hole
63
chorioretinis is usually a response to what
infection
64
chorioretinitis is usually seen in what kind of patients
immunodeficient
65
how does chorioretinis present
reduced visual acuity with floaters
66
toxoplasma gondii associated with
contaminated soil and undercooked meat
67
round worm - ocular toxocaracanis can form
eosinophils granulomas
68
toxoplasma gondii require what
systemic treatment eg azithromycin
69
gradual central vision missing (scotoma)
dry AMD
70
rapid central vision loss and metamophospia
WET AMD
71
head tilt palsy to
trochlear - 4
72
what suggests bilateral CN 4 palsy
child down head posture
73
what has impairment of adduction
internuclear opthalmoplegia
74
what is a common cause in younger patients of internuclear ophthalmoplegia
MS
75
homonymous hemianopia affects
optic tracts
76
homonymous quadrantanopia affects
optic radiation
77
optic atrophy involves death of
retinal ganglion cell axons
78
macular sparing means what is affected
occipital cortex
79
ischaemic optic neuroapthy involves occlusion of what
posterior ciliary arteries
80
gca can also cause
ischaemic optic neuropathy
81
ischaemic optic neuroapth presents
sudden vision loss that is usually painless
82
pale swollen disc
iscahemic optic neuroapthy
83
iCP is the sum of
brain, blood and CSF
84
what is a common cause of bilateral disc swelling in young females
idiopathic intracranial hypertension
85
headache is often seen in
papilooedema so is enlarged blind spot
86
disc swelling is
papilloedema
87
what are rf for glaucoma
myopia and afro Caribbean
88
in what glaucoma is the meshwork patent
closed angle
89
cloudy cornea and dilated pupil
glaucoma
90
does all open angle glaucoma have high IOP
no
91
what is given immediately in closed angle glaucoma
pilocarpine
92
what is deficnitive for closed angle
laser periperal iridotomy
93
what is prostonoid the first line for
open angle glaucoma
94
UV is a rf for
cataract
95
what is this talking about- epithelium of the lens matures with time and eventually the cell contents are replaced and the nucleus disappears
cataracts
96
light rays focus on more than one point
astigmatism
97
lens for myopia
concave
98
complications of myopia
retinal detachment and open angle glaucoma
99
complication of hyperophia
closed angle glaucoma
100
what causes distorted vision at all distances
astigmatism - cylindrical lens
101
age related loss of vision similar to hyperophia
presbyopia
102
corneal reflections will be asymtertical in
strabismus
103
if strabismus not corrected it can cause
amblyopia (lazy eye)
104
what is ruptured in globe rupture
sclera
105
what scan for intra ocular foreign bodies
always x ray
106
signs of penetrating foreign body
irregular pupil, shallow anterior chamber
107
what can identify any aqueous leak from foreign body
flureoscein
108
penetrating injury to one eye results in reaction in both eyes
sympathetic opthlamia
109
condition that shows muscle weakness and inability to relax after muscle contraction
myotonic dystrophy
110
stellate posterior cortical cataract and Christmas tree cataract
myotonic dystrophy
111
ocular features in NF1
optic glioma and lisch nodules
112
what is a lisch nodule
yellow or brown dome shaped nodule
113
what activates orbital fibroblasts
thyroid eye disease
114
can thyroid eye disease but still have euthyroid
yes
115
proptosis can predispose to
corneal ulceration
116
scleromalacia perforans and peripheral ulcerative keratitis can be seen in
RA
117
punctate epitehlial erosion
sjogrens
118
mutton fat keratin precipitates seen in
sarcoidosis, Tb, syphillis
119
posterior synechiae
anterior uveitis
120
bulls eye amculopathy
hydroxchloroquine
121
diabetes can cause
retinal detachment and recurrent vitreous haemorrhage
122
what are features of vitreous haemorrhage
floaters and severe visual loss
123
laser in diabetic eye disease is used for
macular oedema
124
vitrectomy in diabetic eye disease is used for
vitreous haemorrhage or retinal detachment
