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Dermatology Flashcards

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1
Q

Name all layers of the skin and then 5 layers of the epidermis

A

Epidermis, dermis, subQ fat
Epidermis layers:
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale

Come, let’s get sunburned

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2
Q

Difference between desmosomes and hemidesmosomes. Which is targeted in pemphigus vulgaris?

A

Desmosomes: cell-cell junction. PV!!
Hemi-desmosome: cell-basement membrane junction

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3
Q

What is dyskeratosis and what is an example of derm disease with it

A

Abnormal premature keratinization. Seen in squamous cell carcinoma.

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4
Q

what is the main cell type of the epidermis

A

keratinocyte

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5
Q

What is hyperkeratosis and what are some derm diseases that exhibit it?

A

Increased thickness of the stratum corneum (no keratinization)

E.g. Psorasis, calluses

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6
Q

What is parakeratosis and what are some derm diseases that exhibit it?

A

Retention of the nuclei in stratum corneum.

E.g. Psoriasis, actinic keratosis (precursor of SCC)

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7
Q

What is hypergranulosis and what are some derm diseases that exhibit it?

A

Retention of cells in the stratum granulosum.

E.g. Lichen Planus

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8
Q

What is spongiosis and what are some derm diseases that exhibit it?

A

Epidermal accumulation of edematous fluid in intercellular spaces.

Seen in all types of eczematous dermatitis (atopic, contact, stasis, saborrheic)

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9
Q

What is acantholysis and what are some derm diseases that exhibit it?

A

Separation of epidermal cells due to affection of the desmosomes, resulting in Nikolsy sign.

Seen in pemphigus family of disorder, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis

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10
Q

What is acanthosis and what are some derm diseases that exhibit it?

A

Cellular retention in the stratum spinosum leading to epidermal hyperplasia.

Seen in acanthosis nigricans, psoriasis and saborrheic dermatitis.

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11
Q

Define the following signs and name some dermatological conditions associated with them

A
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12
Q

Name 4 pigmented skin disorders

A
  1. Albinism
  2. Melasma (chloasma)
  3. Vitiligo
  4. Waardernburg syndrome
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13
Q

What is melasma (chloasma)?

A

Acquired hyperpigmentation associated with pregnancy (“mask of pregnancy”) or OCP use. More common in patients with darker skin tones

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14
Q

Pathophysiology of vitiligo

A

Autoimmune destruction of melanocytes, associated with other autoimmune disorders.

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15
Q

What is Waardernburg syndrome?

A

cPathy depigmentation of skin, hair and irises, can be associated with deafness. Caused by defects in the differentiation of neural crest cells into melanocytes.

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16
Q

What is abnormal in albinism?

A

Decreased melanin production despite normal melanocyte count.

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17
Q

What is saborrheic dermatitis?

A
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18
Q

Tell me about this skin condition

A
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19
Q

Tell me about this skin condition

A
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20
Q

Tell me about this skin condition

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21
Q

Tell me about this skin condition

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22
Q

Tell me about this skin condition

A
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23
Q

Tell me about this skin condition

Study These Flashcards
A

Tender erythematous nodules on bilateral shins.
Type IV hypersensitivity = inflammatory nodules in SubQ fat.

24
Q

describe the genetic mutation that predisposes to atopic dermatitis

Study These Flashcards
A

Filaggrin mutation (protein helping maintain skin barrier) = decreased skin integrity and increased permeability to environmental irritants/allergens.

25
describe immune reaction in atopic dermatitis
exaggerated Th2 response promoting IL4 and IL13 cytokine release = IgE production and allergen sensitization. Type IV reaction!
26
most common pathogen responsible for atopic dermatitis
staph aureus
27
Sites of eczema in child vs adults
28
What is the atopic triad?
atopic dermatitis IgE mediated food allergy asthma and allergic rhinitis
29
What does biopsy of contact dermatitis show?
Spongiosis (accumulation of fluid in the keratinocyte interspaces). No separation of epidermis from dermis.
30
What type of hypersensitivity reaction is contact dermatitis
Type IV
31
What is this skin condition? Describe it.
32
What is pemphigus? What are the 3 different types of pemphigus we've learned?
- Bullous pemphigoid - Pemphigus vulgaris (acantholysis) - Cicatrical pemphigoid
33
What is bullous pemphigoid?
dermatologic disease in which there are autoantibodies against the **basement membrane** of the epidermis and **hemidesmosomes**, leading to **separation of the epidermis from the dermis**. The overlying epidermis remains intact, and thus this causes **subepidermal blisters**. Nikolsky sign is negative.
34
What is pemphigus vulgaris?
Autoantibodies against **desmosomes** (between keratinocytes). Intraepidermal blistering and erosions. Positive Nikolsky
35
Compare and contrast pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid
36
What is this dermatologic lesion? Tell me everything you know about it.
37
What is this dermatologic lesion? Tell me everything you know about it.
38
What blistering skin disorder is associated with Celiac disease?
Dermatitis herpetiformis
39
What type of infection is this? What can you tell me about it?
Erisypelas. infection of upper dermis and superficial lympathics, usually from Strep pyogenes.
40
What type of infection is this? What can you tell me about it?
Cellulitis. Acute, paingul spreading of infection of deeper dermis and subcutaneous tissues. Usually due to strep pyogenes or staph aureus. Often starts with a break in skin from trauma.
41
What type of infection is this? What can you tell me about it?
Necrotizing fasciitis. Deeper tissue injury, usually anaerobic bacteria or strep pyogenes. **Pain may be out of proportion to exam findings**. **Flesh-eating bacteria**. Causes bullae and skin necrosis. Surgical emergency.
42
What type of infection is this? What can you tell me about it?
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. Exotoxin destroys keratinocyte attachments in **stratum granulosum only**. No mucosal involvement. Positive Nikolsky.
43
Where is the location of the disease in SSS vs TEN?
SSS: destruction of keratinocyte attachments in stratum granulosum only TEN: destruction of epidermal-dermal junction.
44
What is this and what can you tell me about it?
45
What causes pytiriasis versicolor?
Malassezia specius, a yeastlike fungus. Causes hypopigmentation due to inhibition of tyrosinase. Less pruritic than tinea (dermatophytes).
46
How is tinea visible on preparation?
KOH preparation with blue fungal stain
47
Is tenia or pytiriasis more pruritic?
Tinea!
48
Tell me about the following vascular tumors of the skin
49
Compare and contrast the following cutaneous ulcers: venous, arterial, neuropathic, pressure
50
How to estimate body surface area
Rule of 9s
51
Locations of BCC vs SCC skin cancers
BCC above lip SCC below lip
52
Compare and contrast the two most common non-melanoma skin cancers
53
Tumor marker of melanoma
S-100 (derived from neural crest cells)
54
Identify the following types of melanomas
1. Superficial spreading (60-70%) 2. Nodular melanoma 3. Lentigo melanoma 4. Acral lentiginous
55
Pathophysiology of melanoma
Mutation in BRAF kinase.
56
What is this?
Herpes zoster (shingles)

STEP 1 (15 decks)

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