Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

*Pance Re-Up * > Dermatology #4 > Flashcards

Dermatology #4 Flashcards

(58 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Three MCC of dermatophyte infections

A

Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Explain what these are:

Tinea Capitis: _____
Tinea Barbae: ____
Tinea Pedis: _____
Tinea Cruris: _____
Tinea Corporis: _____

A

Scalp
Hair Follicles
Foot
Groin
Trunk, legs, arms, neck (body)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Tinea Capitis, AKA ______, is MC in who?

A

Ringworm

Poor hygiene, preadolescents, African Americans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Diagnostics for Tinea Infection

A

-KOH prep (initially)
-Woods Lamp
-Culture Definitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When using a Wood’s Lamp, what will you see and what is the cause if…

A

No fluorescence: Trichophyton
Fluorescence: Microsporum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Treatment for Tinea Capitis and one thing to be remembered with the treatment

A

-Oral Griseofulvin
–Can cause hepatitis, so avoid if the patient drinks alcohol

-Others: Oral Terbinafine, Lifestyle changes to prevent recurrence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

True or False: Tinea Capitis is the ONLY Tinea that requires an oral medication?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tinea Pedis, also known as _____, is….

A

Athlete’s Foot

The MC dermatophyte infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which type of athlete’s foot is MC

A

Interdigital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Treatment for athlete’s foot

A

Topical antifungals: Butenafine, Tolnaftate, Azoles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Tinea Cruris, also known as ______, is due to which fungus?

A

Jock Itch

Trichophyton Rubrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Tinea Corporis MCC and who does it occur in most times?

A

T. Rubrum

Direct contact, so think wrestlers for example

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Tinea Versicolor is caused due to a yeast. Name the yeast.

A

Malessezia Furfur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Symptoms of Tinea Versicolor

A

-Hyper or hypo pigmented well-demarcated round macules with fine scaling

-Involved skin fails to tan!!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What diagnostics can be done for Tinea Versicolor and what is seen?

A

KOH Prep: hyphae and spores (spaghetti and meatballs)

Wood’s Lamp: yellow-green fluorescence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Treatment for tinea versicolor

A

Topical Selenium Sulfide, Sodium Sulfacetamide Shampoo

Oral Azoles if no relief with those

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

MC association of acanthosis nigricans

A

Obesity, disorders with insulin resistance (DM, Cushing’s, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is one unique thing about acanthosis nigricans that should be remembered?

A

It is a paraneoplastic syndrome and usually the 1st skin manifestation of a cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Acanthosis Nigricans MC manifests where

A

Neck, groin, navel, axillae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Treatment for acanthosis nigricans

A

Blood glucose control (first line)

Topical Tretinoin or Calcipotriene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is hidradenitis Suppurativa?

A

Disease of apocrine sweat glands (axillae) that is due to chronic hair follicle obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Symptoms and treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa

A

Deep-seated nodules, abscesses, tracts

Topical Clindamycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

MC benign soft-tissue neoplasm

A

Lipoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Describe a lipoma

Study These Flashcards
A

-Soft, painless, subcutaneous nodule that are freely mobile

-On Neck MC

-No treatment needed

25
What is melasma?
AKA Chloasma (mask of pregnancy) Hyperpigmentation of sun exposed areas
26
Risk factors for melasma
Sun exposure, increased estrogen (pregnancy, OCP's)
27
Treatment for melasma
-Sun protection -Triple therapy: Fluocinolone acetonide + Hydroquinone + Tretinoin -Hydroquinone Cream to help bleach skin
28
What is pilonidial disease and what is the treatment?
-Cyst/abscess in gluteal cleft that forms due to chronic sinus tract development -Warm compresses, drainage
29
Risk factors for pressure ulcers
Incontinence, elderly, immobilization
30
Explain the four stages of pressure ulcers
-1: superficial, nonblanchable redness 2: damage into dermis, blister/abrasion 3: into subcutaneous layer 4: deepest. Into muscle/tendon/bone
31
Treatment for pressure ulcer
Wound care, pressure redistribution, and debridement of wounds
32
Urticaria, also known as _____, is a Type ___ immediate hypersensitivity reaction
Hives Type I
33
What causes urticaria?
Release of histamine, bradykinin, and prostaglandins
34
Explain urticaria in words
Circumscribed hives or wheals (blanch able, raised, erythematous areas on skin)
35
Although urticaria is usually self-limiting, what are some treatments that can be given to patients?
Antihistamines (H1 blockers): Loratidine and Fexofenadine H2 blockers: Diphenhydramine, Epi-Pen
36
What is vitiligo?
Autoimmune destruction of melanocytes that leads to skin depigmentation
37
Vitiligo is associated with
Thyroid disease
38
Treatment for vitiligo
Topical corticosteroids Phototherapy if disseminated
39
Explain the rule of 9's
4.5 head front 9 torso front 9 chest front 4.5 arm front 4.5 arm front 1 groin 9 front leg 9 front leg
40
Explain a "minor burn"
< 10% TBSA in adults <5% in kids/elderly < 2% full thickness Does not involve hands, feet, face, perineum
41
Explain a "major burn"
>25% in adults >20% in kids or old >10% full thickness Does involve hands, feet, face, or perineum
42
What is the palmar method for determining the severity of a burn? What method is used for kids?
Palm is 1/2 of a % Lund Browder Chart
43
Explain a first degree burn
Damage to epidermis Erythema, pain to palpation Dry without blistering Capillary refill intact
44
Explain a second degree partial thickness burn
Damage to epidermis and dermis Blanches, painful (superficial) -blister, non painful (deep) -Blistering -Pink, moist skin -No capillary refill if DEEP
45
Explain a third degree partial burn
Full thickness burn white, waxy, leathery skin Dry, does not blanch Not painful, no capillary refill
46
Explain a fourth degree burn
Exposed fascia, muscle, bone Skin black/dry/charred Painless, no capillary refill
47
Initial Burn Care
-Cooling: room temp water or colored gauze, soapy water to cleanse -Tetanus Prophylaxis -Dressing: Petroleum Gauze -Follow up in 24 hours if not admitted -Topical ABX if partial or full thickness (bacitracin, Polymyxin B Sulfate, Chlorhexidine)
48
For Moderate to Severe burns....
Get CBC, UA and myoglobin to check for rhabdomyolysis, electrolytes Fluid resuscitation -Monitor urine output
49
What method is used for fluid resuscitation in burns?
Parkland Formula 4 mL x weight (kg) x % TBSA Half over 8 hours, then other half over the next 16 hours (Ringer's Lactate)
50
If the patient is suspected of carbon monoxide poisoning, what will be seen on an ABG or VBG?
Increased carboxyhemoglobin
51
Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning
Headache (MC) Bright red vessels on funduscopy Cherry red skin
52
Treatment for carbon monoxide poisoning
100% nonrebreather oxygen
53
Symptoms of cyanide poisoning
Rapidly developing coma, apnea, cardiac poblems
54
Treatment for cyanide poisoning
Hydroxocobalamin
55
With electrical burns, what is the usual voltage in a home? Industrial?
Homes: < 1000V Industrial: > 1000V
56
Regarding electrical burns, explain AC vs DC, symptoms and which is more severe
AC: tetany and fibrillation. DC: asystole and muscle contraction AC more dangerous because DC usually throws the patient away due to the power
57
What labs/diagnostics should you consider for an electrical burn?
ECG: arryhthmias UA: Myoglobinuria, Rhabdomyolysis Troponin for chest pain
58
Treatment for electrical burns (when should you admit the patient)?
Admit if > 600 V even if asymptomatic Maintain urine output

*Pance Re-Up * (76 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions