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Dermatology Flashcards

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1
Q

Seborrheic Keratosis

A

Common benign condition of hyperpigmentation. due to epidermal hyperplasia. Can resemble melanomas.

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2
Q

Seborrheic Keratosis Characteristics

A

papule. greasy, scab-like, well-circumscribed border. Appears “stuck on.”

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3
Q

Seborrheic Keratosis Treatment

A

Reassurance. Cryotherapy for cosmetic reasons.

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4
Q

Keratoacanthoma

A

Rapidly growing (4-6 weeks). Benign but histologically resembles SCC. Usually a round flesh colored nodule.

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5
Q

Actinic Keratosis

A

Benign condition that can be a precursor to SCC. Due to sun exposure.

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6
Q

Actinic Keratosis characteristics

A

less than 1cm. dry scale. felt more easily than seen.

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7
Q

Actinic Keratosis Treatment

A

5-FU cream (topical chemotherapy). Imiquimod (Aldara) as an immune modulator. Cut it out (cryo, currett etc.) often resolves on it’s own.

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8
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A

Most common. Slow growing. Rarely metastizizes.

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9
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma Characteristics

A

pearly/waxy nodule or papule with rolled borders. Can have teleangiectasias.

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10
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma Treatment

A

Biopsy and derm consult. Moh’s surgery, excision, topical chemotherapy (5-FU)

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11
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A

Second most common. Head lesions are most likely to metastasize. Can occur from sun damage or injury.

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12
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma Characteristics

A

Indurated hard plaques, papules or nodules that can be ulcerated. Rough surface. Vary dramatically.

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13
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treatment

A

Simple surgical resection or Moh’s surgery (>2cm). May need radiation/chemotherapy. Requires detailed follow up.

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14
Q

Malignant Melanoma

A

3% of skin cancer. Metastasis is common. originate in melanocytes. Caused by sun exposure.

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15
Q

Superficial Spreading Melanoma

A

Most common MM. In younger populations. Radial growth before vertical growth. slightly raised discolored patch with irregular borders. Looks similar to seborrheic keratosis.

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16
Q

Lentigo Maligna

A

MM. Older population. slow horizontal growth followed by rapid vertical growth. Flat or mildly raised shades of brown.

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17
Q

Acral Letiginous Melanoma

A

Common in darker skin tones. Dark discoloration under the nails, palms or soles.

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18
Q

Nodular Melanoma

A

Most aggressive MM. Rapid vertical growth with little horizontal growth. Inflamed nodule usually black.

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19
Q

Malignant Melanoma Treatment

A

Wide surgical excision. Elective regional lymph node dissection. Chemotherapy with Dacarbazine (DTIC). Immunotherapy with interferon-alpha.

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20
Q

ABCDE of Melanoma

A 
Asymettry
irregular Borders
Color variation
Diameter >6mm 
Elvolution:
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21
Q

Mycosis Fungoides

A

Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma. Erythematous patches on trunk >5cm. Itchy. Lymph node swelling. Looks similar to a fungal infection.

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22
Q

Measles Etiology

A

Paramyxovirus

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23
Q

Measles Transmission

A

Infectious droplets. Infectious for 2 hours. Incubation of 2-3 weeks (asymptomatic).

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24
Q

Measles Prodrome

A

Very high fever (>104). 3 C’s Cough, Coryza, Conjunctivitis.

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25
Measles Rash
Koplik spots in mouth, papules, "grains of salt on red background." Blanching maculopapular rash first on face then goes head to toe. Can coalesce.
26
Measles Diagnostics
Serum/ throat swab for IgM and RNA. Progression of head to toe is KEY.
27
Measles Complications
Diarrhea is most common. Otitis media, pneumonia, encephalitis, SSPE.
28
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
SSPE. Complication of measles after 7-10 years. Degeneration of the CNS.
29
Measles Treatment
Report to CDC. Symptomatic. Vitamin A. Patient Education.
30
Erythema Infectiosum (5th disease) Etiology
Parvovirus B-19
31
Erythema Infectiosum Transmission
Respiratory secretions. Incubation for 7-14 days.
32
Erythema Infectiosum Prodrome
mild Flu-like symptoms
33
Erythema Infectiosum Rash
Facial rash: erythematous malar rash "slapped cheeks" | Body Rash: Lacy, pink macular rash especially on extensor surfaces
34
Erythema Infectiosum Diagnosis
Clinical Presentation. Facial "slapped cheeks" followed by lacy body rash 2-3 days later.
35
Erythema Infectiosum Treatment
Symptomatic. Transfusions for severe anemia.
36
Erythema Infectiosum Complications
Transient aplastic crisis (Anemia)
37
Hydrops Fetalis
Complication of erythema infectiosum. Increased fluid during pregnancy that can lead to fetal loss.
38
Rubella Etiology
Rubella Virus
39
Rubella Transmission
Respirartory aerosols
40
Rubella Prodrome
low grade fever (
41
Rubella rash
Erythematous papules/purpura. Pinpoint. head to toe progression.
42
Rubella Diagnosis
Clinical presentation. 3-day measles. Head-to-toe progression.
43
Rubella complications
Encephalitis, hemorrhage, mortality.
44
Congenital Rubella Syndrome
Blue-berry muffin rash. Hearing Loss. Can be lethal.
45
Rubella Treatment
Symptomatic
46
Roseola Infantum Etiology
Herpes virus 6
47
Roseola infantum Transmission
Sporadic without known exposure. Infants 7-13 months.
48
Roseola Infantum Prodrome
Febrile >104 degrees with an abrupt end
49
Roseola Infantum Rash
Blanching pink/erythematous maculopapular. Neck/trunk to Face/extremities. Non-pruritic.
50
Roseola Infantum Diagnosis
Clinical presentation. High fever with abrupt end then rash from neck/trunk to face/extremities.
51
Roseola Infantum Treatment
Symptomatic. antipyretics.
52
Hand, Foot and Mouth etiology
Coxsackie A16 virus
53
Hand, foot and mouth transmission
oral ingestion of the virus. Usually fecal to oral.
54
Hand, Foot and mouth prodrome
Quick, usually absent. Can have fever and diarrhea
55
Hand, foot and mouth rash
sore throat with vesicles in the mouth. Vesicles on the hands, feet and buttocks. Vesicles can ulcerate.
56
Hand, foot and mouth diagnosis
Clinical presentation
57
Hand, foot and mouth complications
dehydration, encephalitis, aseptic meningitis, loss of nails.
58
hand, foot and mouth treatment
symptomatic. educate about proper hygiene.
59
Molluscum Contagiosum Etiology
Poxvirus
60
Molluscum Contagiosum Transmission
Direct contact or contact with fomites. very contagious. autoinocculation.
61
Molluscum Contagiosum Rash
Flesh colored, pearly, papules that are umbilicated (little donuts). Located everywhere but palms and soles. No associated symptoms.
62
Molluscum Contagiosum Diagnosis
Clinical presentation of rash (donut shaped)
63
Molluscum contagiosum treatment
spontaneously resolve in 6-12 months. Can use podophyllotoxin cream at home. Cantharidin in the office to cause blistering.
64
Condyloma Acuminatum Etiology
HPV
65
Condyloma Acuminatum Transmission
Sexually transmitted
66
Condyloma Acuminatum Presentation
cauliflower-like lesion in genital area. Mild pruritus.
67
Condyloma Acuminatum Diagnosis
Clinical presentation. Anoscopy (warts can be internal).
68
Condyloma Acuminatum Treatment
Podophyllin cream. surgical removal. Immunotherapy.
69
Varicella Etiology
Varicella-zoster virus (herpes)
70
Varicella transmission
droplet or direct contact. incubation of 10-21 days.
71
Varicella prodrome
2-5 days of fever and pharyngitis
72
Varicella rash
generalized vesicular rash. pruritic. lesions at all different stages. crust over after 6 days.
73
Varicella diagnosis
Presentation. lesions at all different stages.
74
Varicella complications
Group A strep. Secondary infections. encephalitis. reye syndrome. congentital varicella syndrome.
75
Varicella treatment
symptomatic. acyclovir for those who are immunocompromised.
76
Herpes Zoster Etiology
Varicella zoster virus (herpes)
77
Herpes Zoster Prodrome
acute neruritic pain 3-5 days. allodynia.
78
Herpes Zoster Rash
grouped vesicles on erythematous base. dermatomal. thoracic region.
79
Post Herpetic Neuralgia
complication of herpes zoster. lancinating pain that can last for years
80
Herpes Zoster Opthalmicas
Reactivation of varicella zoster in the trigeminal nerve. vesicles on nose. get to ophthalmologist.
81
Herpes Zoster Treatment
Antiviral (famciclovir, valacyclovir, acyclovir). Pain management. usually resolves in 2-6 weeks.
82
Herpes Simplex Viruses Transmission
Direct contact with active lesions
83
Herpes simplex virus Prodrome
burning, tingling, pruritis.
84
Herpes simplex virus rash
grouped vesicles on erythematous base. crusting later on.
85
Herpes simplex virus diagnosis
presentation and viral cultures.
86
Herpes simplex treatment
start in prodrome phase. antivirals (valacyclovir, famciclovir, acyclovir) can also be used for chronic suppression.
87
Herpes simplex virus I
Herpes labialis
88
Herpes simplex virus 2
genital herpes
89
Acanthosis Nigricans Characteristics
Hyperpigmented, velvety plaque on the neck and skin folds.
90
Acanthosis Nigricans Associations
obesity, diabetes and PCOS
91
Acanthosis nigricans treatment
treat underlying cause. topical cream for cosmetic reasons.
92
Melasma
Hyperpigmentation. sharply demarcated brown patches on face due to UV light or hormonal changes.
93
Melasma Treatment
sunscreen
94
Lipoma Characteristics
soft, mobile, non-tender tumor of adipose tissue. under the subcutaneous layer.
95
Lipoma Treatment
surgical removal if bothersome
96
Epithelial inclusion cyst characteristics
soft, mobile, nodule, fluctuant, central punctum.
97
Epithelial inclusion cyst treatment
Can become infected. Treated with I&D and antibiotics.

Clinical Medicine (7 decks)

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