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C > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What is acne?

A 
Disorder of pilosebaceous apparatus
Excess sebum secretion
Caused by hormones
Obstruction of the pilosebaceous duct
Bacteria
Drugs 
Peaks in adolescence
Comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, cysts, scars
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2
Q

Acne treatment

A 
Local abrasives
Topical antibiotics
Topical vitamin A analogues 
Topical antibiotics
Isotretinoin
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3
Q

What is rosacea?

A

Affects the face of adults
Flushing, erythema, telangiectasia (dilation of capillaries), inflamed papules, pustules
May be associated conjuctivitis, blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelid)

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4
Q

What can rosacea be triggered by?

A 
Spicy foods
Alcohol
Stress
Temperature change
Sunlight
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5
Q

Rosacea treatment

A 
Avoid triggering factors
Antibiotics (topical +/ systemic)
Cosmetic camouflage
Laser
Isotretinoin (Roaccutane)
AVOID topical steroids
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6
Q

What is impetigo caused by?

A

Staphylococci / streptococci

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7
Q

Signs and symptoms of impetigo

A 
Contagious
Exudate and yellow crusting
May blister
May trigger glomerulonephritis (damage to filters in kidney)
Treated with antibiotics
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8
Q

What is folliculitis?

A

Superficial infection of the hair follicle, usually caused by S. Aureus (Possibly nasal Staph carrier)

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9
Q

Signs of folliculitis

A

Papules and pustules associated with hair follicles surrounded by 1-2mm of erythema

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10
Q

What is a furuncle?

A

Boil
Small perifollicular abscess
Hair follicle is destoyed

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11
Q

What are furuncles caused by?

A

Staphylococcus Aureus on hair bearing sites

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12
Q

Signs and symptoms of furuncle

A

Tender and inflamed

e.g. Stye - furuncle involving sebaceous gland of eyelid margin

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13
Q

What is a carbuncle?

A

Larger furuncle (3-10cm nodule)

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14
Q

What is Erysipelas?

A

A form of cellulitis, Strep

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15
Q

Signs and symptoms of Erysipelas

A

Spreading red edge, sharp edge
On face or extremity
Discomfort, fever, malaise
Treated with systemic antibiotic

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16
Q

What virus causes viral warts?

A

Human Papilloma virus

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17
Q

What is Molluscum Contagiosum caused by?

A

DNA pox virus

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18
Q

What type of Herpes Simplex usually causes facial lesions?

A

H. Simplex type 1

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19
Q

What signs and symptoms present in a primary eruption in children?

A

Acute gingivo-stomatitis, malaise, fever

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20
Q

How can Herpes Simplex recurrences be triggered?

A

UVL
Menstruation
Stress

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21
Q

What can Herpes Simplex be treated with?

A

Aciclovir (Zovirax)
Valciclovir
Prophylactic antivirals

22
Q

What is a Herpes Zoster?

A

Reactivation of chicken pox virus in dorsal root ganglion

23
Q

Who have increased incidence of Herpes Zoster?

A

The elderly

Immunosuppressed

24
Q

What virus causes hand foot and mouth?

A

Coxsackie A virus

25
Q

How does hand foot an mouth present?

A

Vesicles with red halo on hands and feet

Erosions in the mouth

26
Q

What does Dermataphyte cause?

A

Ringworm and tinea

27
Q

What can it’s appearance be masked by?

A

Topical steroids

28
Q

How is it treated?

A

Topical +/ systemic antifungals

29
Q

How may eczema present? Acute and chronic

A

Acute - Red, swollen, papules and vesicles

Chronic - Scaly, pigmented, thickened, accentuated skin markings

30
Q

Endogenous Eczema

A

Atopic eczema
Varicose eczema
Seborrhoeic eczema

31
Q

Exogenous eczema

A

Allergic contacts dermatitis
Irritant contact dermatitis
Photo contact dermatitis

32
Q

Treatment of eczema

A 
Avoid:
irritants
moisturisers
steroids
UVL
(immunosuppressives)
33
Q

What is psoriasis?

A

Chronic inflammatory disease of the skin

34
Q

What are the different clinical patterns of psoriasis?

A

Plaque (white build up of dead skin)
Guttate (starts in childhood / young adulthood; small, red, separte spots)
Flexural (localised to skin folds)
Pustular (appearance of pus spots surrounded by red)
Erythrodermic (often affects most of bod; rare)

35
Q

What areas are commonly affected by psoriasis?

A

Scalp and hairline

36
Q

What signs may display in nails?

A

Pitting
Onycholysis (painless detachment of nail)
Subungual hyperkeratosis (excessive proliferation of the nail bed)

37
Q

What is used to treat psoriasis?

A 
Tar
Dithranol
Vitamin D creams
Phototherapy
Systemic immunosuppressives
38
Q

What is lichen planus?

A

Itchy, violet colour flat-topped papules on wrists and legs
White streaky pattern on surface of papule
White asyptomatic lacy reticulate streaks in mouth
May be genital involvement

39
Q

What is a Bullous Pemphigoid?

A

Autoimmune disease

Sub-epidermal large tense blisters

40
Q

What is a Cicatrical Pemphigoid?

A

Blisters and ulcers affecting mucous membranes

Ig and C3 bind to basement membrane zone

41
Q

What is used to treat it?

A

Steroids +/- immunospressives

42
Q

What is Pemphigus?

A

A severe life threatening auto-immune disease

43
Q

Pemphigus vulgaris

A

IgG Ab bind to intercellular cement

Flaccid blisters, erosions

44
Q

What can trigger Erythema multiforme?

A 
Herpes simplex
Drugs
Cancers
Radiotherapy
Connective tissue diseases
45
Q

Classic presentation of erythema multiforme

A

Target lesion
Bullae may form
Mucosal involvement common

46
Q

What happens with severe mucosal involvement?

A

Stevens-Johnson - acute onset
Systemic disturbance
Risk of renal failure and bronchopneumonia

47
Q

Reaction patterns caused by drugs?

A 
Toxic erythema
Urticaria
Purpura
Erythema multiforme
Acne
Lichenoid rash
Dermatitis 
Bullous disorders
Photosensitivity 
Hair loss
Fixed drug eruption
48
Q

Which group of patients may be at increased risk of Actinic keratoses and Bowen’s disease?

A

Immunosuppressed

49
Q

What is Actinic Keratoses?

A

Hyperkeratonic areas on sun-exposed skin

50
Q

Where is Bowen’s disease - intra-epidermal squamous cell cancer most common?

A

On lower legs in elderly females

C (7 decks)

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