dermatology Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
2 types of thermo-receptors?
A
central and peripheral
2
Q
centra and peripheral thermoreceptors detect ?
A
central detect - core body temp.
peripheral detect - environmental temp.
3
Q
temp. regulating centre in brain?
A
hypothalamus
4
Q
heat stroke?
A
body temp raised above 40 degrees
5
Q
what happens to set point in hypothalamus in fever?
A
set point is shifted and raised in hypothalamus
6
Q
pharmacokinetics?
A
effect of body on drug
7
Q
pharmacodynamics?
A
effect of drug on body
8
Q
3 things to consider about a drug?
A
distribution
metabolism
excretion
9
Q
vehicle of drug means?
examples
A
stable substance that carried active drug to correct area of action
solution
cream
ointment
shampoo
10
Q
factors that affect topical absorption?
A
conc of med temp thickness of skin chemical properties o drug vehicle skin site
11
Q
unit used to measure how much topical med to use?
A
finger tip unit
0.5g = 1 unit
12
Q
retinoids?
for?
side effects?
A
vit A
good for skin - epidermis treating
has side effects - dry skin and lips
13
Q
immunosuppressants?
e.g.
A
for inflammatory skin disorders
oral steroids
14
Q
biologics?
A
treat inflammation conditions
genetically engineered proteins
- mab
- cept
15
Q
-mab biologics means?
A
indicates monoclonal Ab
16
Q
-cept biologics means?
A
indicates a receptor fusion
17
Q
impetigo?
causes -2
A
contagious skin infection - superficial skin
red sores and blisters - cornflakes stuck to skin
bacterial - aureus and street. pyogens
gram positive cocci
18
Q
erysipelas?
causes
A
bacterial infection of top layer of skin - bright red rash on skin
strept. pyogenes
staph aureus
19
Q
cellulitis?
A
infection of bacteria getting into deeper layers of skin - swollen area of skin
20
Q
lipidermatosclerosis?
A
changes in lower legs skin - inflamed fat under skin
21
Q
tinea?
feature of it
examples
A
group od fungal infections
unilateral and localised
ringworm
athletes foot
22
Q
candidiasis
A
yeast infection
thrush
23
Q
nystatin?
A
anti fungal cream
24
Q
intertrigo?
A
rash that facts folds of skin - due to friction causing inflammation
25
viral warts due to?
due to HPV virus
26
molluscum contagioscum?
| due to?
DNA pox virus
| small raised papule spots on skin
27
herpes HSV = 1 and 2 difference?
present as?
1 - cold sores - oral transmission
2 - STD - genital herpes
28
herpes zoster virus?
prognosis
shingles - chicken pox
it is self limiting
29
scabies?
contagious skin condition due to tiny mites that burrow into skin
30
erythroderma?
widespread inflammation skin condition
31
SJS?
skin condition due to reaction o drug - lead to painful rash an blisters
32
TEN?
skin condition due to adverse drug reaction -lead to skin peeling and blistering
33
SJS vs TEN?
SJS is mild
| TEN is more sever end of sam spectrum
34
erythema multiforme?
trigger?
presentation
hsv trigger
infection hypersensitivity reaction
round rashes on palms, limbs etc
35
DRESS?
drug allergy to variety of meds
drug induced hypersensitive reaction - includes abnormal blood cell levels
and includes rashes, facial swelling, organ damage,
36
phemigus?
| where
autoimmune condition
group of conditions that cause blisters and pus filled bumps -
on epidermis outside f skin
blisters easily ruptured - fragile
37
pemphigoid?
autoimmune conditin
lower skin layer affected -
creating tense blisters that don't break easily
38
two forms of psoriasis ?
erythrodermic - inflammation of skin - intense burning and itching
pustular - pus filled blisters formed on skin
39
eczema herpeticum?
| cause
hsv caused
with poorly controlled eczema
40
SSSS?
| caused?
SKIN CONDITION covers wide area of skin - upper layer causing blisters and peeling
bacteria caused staphylococcal aureus
41
urticaria?
hives
| outbreaks of swollen, itchy rashes that appear suddenly due to reaction to allergens - food, bites or chemicals
42
acute and chronic urticaria?
treatment options
acute - less than 6 weeks
chronic - more than 6 weeks
anti-histamines
biologic - omalizumab
43
emollients? do what
replace barrier - rehydrates - moisturiser
44
psoriasis? what is happening here?
| common sites?
causes skin cells to multiply 10x faster than normal
common areas of bumpy red patchy lesions
knees, elbows, scalp
45
causes of psoriasis?
issue in immune system
that causes inflammation and triggers overproduction of skin cells -
genetic - run-in families
environmental
46
eczema? what is it
skin condition where patches of skin get itchy and red
47
types of ecsema?
contact dermatitis
atopic ecsema
irritant contact dermatitis
48
allergic contact dermatitis explain type?
type 4 hypersensitivity
eczema
T cell mediated
49
allergic contact dermatitis type of hypersensitivity?
type 4 hypersensivity reaction
50
irritant contact dermatitis due to?
skin injured by hand washing, friction, environmental factors - cold, chemicals etc
51
patch test?
testing for allergies
52
sedborrhoeic dermatitis?
caused by?
skin condition on scalp - scaly red itchy patches
can be immune system abnormality
yeast - malassezia
53
discoid ecesma?
dermatitis that cause skin to go red, swollen in circular oval patches
54
pompholyx eczema?
eczema that causes you to get tiny itchy blisters on hand and palms of hands
55
asteatotic eczema?
dermatitis due to dry skin - cracked scaly appearance -
56
venous ecsema?
| due to?
in lower legs due - common in people with varicose veins -
due to increase pressure in veins
57
Calcineurin inhibitors?
used to suppress immune system
topical
pimecrolimus
tacrolimus
58
immunosupression examples?
| used for?
azathioprine
| ciclosprorin
59
types of non-melanoma?
basal cell cancer and squamous cell cancer
60
causes of non-melanoma skin cancer?
```
uv radiation
hpv
immunosuppression
carcinogens
familial
```
61
basal cell carcinoma?
more common
slow
develop in basal cells - deepest part of epidermis
62
mohs surgery? used when?
special type of excision of skin cancer - to help keep as much healthy skin left -
for high excision areas
63
photodynamic therapy?
use of light to kill skin cancer cells as treatment
64
vismodegib?
drug used to treat basal cell carcinoma
65
squamous cell carcinoma ?
cells involved?
explain
keratinising squamous cells
faster growing
non- metastasise
66
keratoacanthoma?
skin cancer tumour BENIGN - looks like a crater -
67
what to look at when looking at skin lesions?
```
ABCDE rule
asymmetry
border
colour
diameter
evolution
```
68
dermoscopy for?
to look at skin lesions closely - increase clinical accuracy
69
non-melanoma skin cancer meaning?
| melanoma skin cancer meaning?
- cancer in upper layers of skin
| - more serious and can spread to other organs
70
different types of melanoma?
superficial spreading malignant
nodular
lentigo maligna
71
immunotherapy of melanoma cancer?
-mab
-nib
meds
72
breslow thickness?
used how?
depth of melanoma from outer skin layer to deepest melanoma cell
used to assess the prognosis of patient
73
cutaneous lymphoma?
| classification of it?
cancer of wbc - that involve the skin - abnormal proliferation of lymphocytes
B cell lymphoma
T cell lymphoma
74
mycosis fungicides?
| stages?
common form of T cell cutaneous lymphoma
patch on skin(red, flat)
plaque - thickened
tumour - irregular lump
metastatic - infiltrate into lymph nodes
75
Sézary syndrome?
red man syndorme
form of T cell cutaneous lymphoma
affect all body -
76
total skin electron beam therapy?
type of radio consisting of small charged particles
to superficial layers - sparing deeper layers
treat cutaneous lymphoma
77
extracorporeal photophoresis?
treat cutaneous lymphoma
draw blood -- collect blood and make T cells sensitive to uv
and damage the diseased cells by uv radiation
78
seborrhoea keratoses?
benign - warty growths stuck on
79
cryotherapy?
liquid N
| like a thermal burn to remove skin lesions
80
cysts?
encapsulated lesion containing fluid material
81
dermatofibroma?
benign fibrous firm nodules
| under the skin
82
angioma?
non cancerous benign lesions - made up of small blood vessels - overgrowth of blood vessels in skin
83
pyogenic granuloma?
| appearance like?
rapidly enlarging growth - due to proliferation of bv
like an red lump - raspberry like ons surface
84
curettage?
scraping of the lesion
85
Bowens disease?
early form of skin cancer - dysplasia
affects outermost layer squamous cells
86
actinic keratoses?
| treated by? 3
rough sclaly patches on sun damaged skin
curette
cryotherapy
topical iquimod
87
layers of skin?
| and brief composition of each
```
top
epidermis - outer keratinocytes
dermis - bv, glands, muscles, hair
hypodermis - fat etc
bottom
```
88
layers of skin?
describe each one with their cell type?
come lets get some beers
stratum corneum - horny layer
stratum lucidum - flat cells
stratum granulosum - diamond shaped cells
stratum spinosum - prickle cells
stratum basale -columnar epithelial cells
89
hair cycle?
| stage s
hair follicles go through growth, shrinkage and shredding cycle
anagen - growing phase
catagen - growth/shrinks
telogen - shed
90
function of skin? 3
thermoregulation -
skin immune system
barrier
sensation
91
macule?
small flat circumcised
92
patch?
larger flat cirucumcised
93
papule?
small raised area
94
plaque?
large raised area
95
small lesion means?
less than 5cm
96
vesicle?
small fluid filled
97
bulla?
large fluid filled
98
pustule?
| abscess?
small pus filled
| large pus filled
99
erosion?
| ulcer?
loss of epidermis - superficial
| loss of epidermis and dermis - deeper
100
rosacea?
reness in face and visible blood vessels
101
how to take skin biopsy?
punch biopsy - punch through skin and sample all layers
102
what cells are responsible for hypersensivity reaction in skin?
mast cells
103
delayed hypersensvitiy reaction due to what cells?
T cells
104
4 risk factors for skin cancer?
```
fam history of skin cancer
previous skin cancer
subbed use
previous radiation
exposure to carcinogens
```
105
name some benign skin lesions?
```
viral warts
cysts
lipoma
dermatofibroma
vascular lesions
```
106
side effects of topical steroids?
```
telangiectasia
glaucoma
atrophy
cataracts
bruising
hirsutism
```
107
what do retinoids do?
normalise keratinocyte function
| anti inflam effects
108
what need to do with immunosuppressants?
regular blood monitoring - as risk of malignancy etc
109
acne vulgaris?
| includes
disease of psu - face, chest, back
```
comedones
pustules
papules
cysts
scars
```
110
psu?
pilo-secaceous unit
structure consisting of hair and glands and skin
111
comedones?
skin coloured papule - blocked follicles
112
closed and open comedones?
open - blackhead
| closed - whitehead
113
acne treatment ?
FIRST LINE AND SECOND LINE
1ST LINE - topical
AB:clindamycin
erythromycin
topical retinoids/benzoyl peroxide
2ND LINE - systemic meds
AB: tetracyclins
erythromycin
combined oral contra. pill
isotretinoin
UVB
114
isotretinoin?
for?
issue?
for severe acne
accutane
retinoid med
multiple side effects
115
side effects of isotretinoin?5
```
dry skin
brittle hair
mood disturbance
headaches
liver function derangement
```
116
how to treats scarring?
treat inflammation first and wait 1 yr if on isotretinoin
```
chemical peels
laser
excision
steroid
dermabrasion - exfoliate
```
117
acne rosacea?
redness of skin leading to more visible sign of bv
or pus filled pustules/bumps
facial most likely
can have a few triggers for a flare up
118
difference between rosacea and acne vulgaris?
no comedones in rosacea
119
treatment of rosacea?
first line
second line - name the AB
first line - topical MEDS
```
second line - systemic meds
AB: Tetracyclins
erythromycin
isotretinoin
laser
light base treatment - uvb
```
120
macula changes what?
not texture just colour
