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Y5 Paediatrics > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

(95 cards)

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1
Q

What is the skin of a newborn coated with

A

Vernix caseosa

Chalky white greasy coat

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2
Q

What is impetigo

A

Yellow gold crust around nose and mouth

Due to staph aureus

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3
Q

How do you treat impetigo

A

Topical fluclox

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4
Q

What is bullous impetigo

A

uncommon blistering form of impetigo

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5
Q

How do you treat bullous impetigo

A

Systemic antibiotics (oral fluclox)

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6
Q

What are melanocytic naevi

A

moles

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7
Q

What causes albinism

A

defect in biosynthesis and distribution of melanin

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8
Q

WHat are characteristics of albinism

A
  • failure to develop fixation reflex due to lack of pigment in iris, retina, eyelids, eyebrows
  • pendular nystagmus
  • photophobia
  • visual impairment
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9
Q

What are children with albinism prone to, so what must you give

A

Skin cancer and sunburn

So give high fa ctor sun creM

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10
Q

What is epidemiolysis bullosa

A 
GENETIC CONDITION (AR/AD) 
Blistering of skin and mucopus membranes occurring spontaneously / flllowing mild trauma
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11
Q

What is a colloidon baby

A

rare manifestation of inherited ichthyoses (dry scaly skin)

Skin is taut, shiny, parchment like
Membranes become fissured and separate within a few weeks
Risk of dehydration

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12
Q

What do you give to manage colloidon baby

A

emollients

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13
Q

What are common causes of naappy rashes

A

Common causes of nappy rashes:

  • irritant contact dermatitis
  • infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis
  • candida infection
  • atopic eczema
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14
Q

Why does irritant dermatitis occur as nappy rash

A

If nappy is not changed frequently enough

Due to irritant effect of urine on skin

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15
Q

How does irritant dermatitis present

A

SPARED FLEXURES

Rash is erythematous, scalded appearance

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16
Q

How do you manage irritant dermatitis

A

protective emollient

Topical steroids

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17
Q

What does a candida nappy rash look like

A

Includes flexures

Can cause satellite lesions

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18
Q

How do you manage candida naappy rash

A

topical antifungal (imidazole cream e.g. clotrimazole)

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19
Q

How do you manage nappy rash if it persists / swab is bacterial infection?=

A

ORAL FLUCLOX 7 days

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20
Q

When does infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis present

A

First three moths of life

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21
Q

What does infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis present as

A

Erythematous scaly eruption on scalp
NOT itchy
May involve flexures (neck, axillae, nappy area)

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22
Q

What is a cradle cap

A

Thick yellow adherent layer to head

Occurs in infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis

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23
Q

What risk is associated ith infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis

A

later development of ECZEMA

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24
Q

How do you manage infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis

A

reassure parents
resolves spontaneously over weeks / months
Regular washing with baby shampoo + brushing with soft brush to remove scales

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25
What can you give if cradle cap / infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis is not resolving conservatively
could be due to inflammatory reaction to yeast > give topical imidazole cream (clotrimazole)
26
What is the pathophysiology of atopic eczem
BARRIER DEFECT OF EPIDERMIS + IMMUNE DYSREG OF TH2
27
How do you diagnose atopic eczema?
clinical skinprick for T1 hypersensitivity Elevated plasma IgE
28
What are clinical features of eczema
ITCHING > scratching, exacerbation of rsh, weepy ad pustular if infected Dry skin Lichenification, pigmentation
29
How does distribution of eczema change with age
In children: cheeks, scalp, extensor surface | in adults: flexor surfaces
30
What are complications of eczema
``` overlying infection (bacterial) overlying infection from eczema >eczema herpeticum ```
31
What wueestionnaire can you use to assess psych impact of eczema on child?
Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index Questionnaire
32
What is mild eczema
dry skin, infrequent itching
33
What is moderate eczema
dry skin, frequent itching, redness . possible excoriations and localised skin thickening
34
what is severe eczema
widespread areas of dry skin, incessant itching ...
35
what does infected eczema look like
weeping, crusting, pustules with fevwr and maaise
36
How do you manage eczema conservatively
emollients | avoid soap
37
how do you manage eczema topically
corticosteroids (e.g. 1% hydrocortisone) antihistamine (chlorphenamine) retinoids calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus)
38
What non drug management can you give for eeczema
phototherapy (narrowband UVB)
39
How do you manage mild eczema
``` emollients mild corticosteroids (e.g. 1% hydrocortisone) ```
40
how do you manage moderate eczema
emollient | potent steoid e.g. betamethasone valerate 0.025%
41
how do you manage severe eczema
emollient | more potent steroid e.g. bethamethasone valerate 0.1%
42
How do you manage infected eczema
SWAB infected skin | FLucloxacillin (erythromycin if allergic)
43
How do you treat eczema herpeticum
IV acyclovir
44
What causes virala warts
HPV
45
Where are viral warts usually found in children
fingers, soles. called VERRUCAE
46
When do verrucaes need to be treated
if painful / cosmetic problems | otherwise should disappear spontaneously
47
How can you remove verrucae
daily salicylic acid, lactic acid | Cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen (painful)
48
how do you manage molluscum
No treatment if child is immunocompetent | Should resolve independently within 18 months
49
What is ringworm
DERMATOPHYTE | invcades keratinous structure e.g. skin, nails, hair
50
Why are dermatophytes caled ringworm
due to annular appearance of skin lesion
51
what is a kerion
inflamed pustular ringworm patch
52
How does tinea capitis present
scaling, patchy alopecia with broken hairs
53
how do you investigiate tinnea capitis
exam under UV light (Wood's); green/yellow fluorescence of infected hairs microscopy of skin scraping culture
54
What is management for ringworm
topical / systemic antifungal based on severity | e.g. terbinafine, itraconazole
55
How is ringworm passed on
through cat/dog
56
What is the cause of scabies
sarcoptes scabei
57
What are symptoms of scabies
severe itching worse in warm conditions/at night burrows, papules, vescicles
58
What is scabies dx based on
CLINICAL | may use microscopy exam of skin scraping to identify mite, eggs
59
What is management of scabiees
Topical PERMETHRIN 5% cream (or malathion 0.5%) Applied to whole body Wash off after 8-12 hours Second application after 1 week Also treat members of household and other close contact
60
How do you treat post scabetic itch
crotamiton 10% cream
61
what is pediculosis
head lice infestation | with pediculosis capitis
62
How do you treat pediculosis
DIMETICONE 4% lotion OR MALATHION 0.5%
63
What does psoriasis present as
scaly plaques on extensor surface | p
64
When does psoriasis present
AFTER AGE OF 2 YEARS OLD
65
When does guttate psoriasis presents
After sore throat / ear infection
66
Describe guttate psoriasis lesion
small, raindrop like oval/round erythematous scaly patches on trunk / back / upper limbs Resolves over 3-4 months
67
How do you treat guttate psoriasis
coal tar preparation Calcipotriol (vit D agonist) Phototherapy Methotrexte
68
What is PITYRIASIS ROSEA
acute, benign, self limiting | viral origin
69
what is clinical appeearance of PITYRIASIS ROSEA
begins with herald patch (single round/oval scaly macule), 2-5cm diameter after few days, several small dull pink macules also develop Rash follows line of ribs posteriorly: FIR TREE MAATTERN
70
Is PITYRIASIS ROSEA itchy
occasionalaly
71
how do you treat PITYRIASIS ROSEA
no treatment required | resolves within 4-6 weeks
72
What is alopecia areeata
common form of hair loss in children | regrowth aftrr 6-12 months
73
how does alopecia areata present
hairlss smooth areas of non inflamed skin on scalp | Remnants of broken off hair (exclamation mark hairs)
74
Describe granuloma annulare
Ringed lesion with raised flesh coloured non scaling edge
75
How is granuloma annulare different to ringworm
NON SCALING
76
How do you manage mild-moderatee acne vulgaris
Emollient, cleanser with non-comedogenic preparation 1. Benzoyl peroxide 2. + clindamycin 3. Topical retinoid e.g. Adapalene 4. Azelaic acid
77
How do you manage moderate acne vulgaris not responding to topical tx
Consider oral anttibiotic e.g. Lymecycline / Doxyxycline, max 3 months Co-prescribe topical retinoid or benzoyl peeroxide to prevent antibioptic resistancee
78
What do you give to acne vulgaris if not responding to antibiotics
Isotrenitoin (Raccutanne)
79
How often do you review for acne vulgaris
8-12 weeks
80
Describe erythema nodosum
Tender erythematous nodules over legs
81
What are triggers of erythema nodosum
Strep infection TB IBD Drug reaction
82
Descrive erythema multiforme
TARGET LESION (3 colours) - central papule surrounded by erythematous ring
83
What are causes of erythema multiforme
HSV - omost common! Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection Drug reaction
84
WHat is Steven Johnson Syndrome
Severe bullous form of erythema multiforme invading the MUCOUS MEMBRANE can present with conjunctivitis and mouth ulceration
85
WHat are triggers for SJS
drug sensitivity
86
what is management for urticaria
avoid triggers symptom diary UAS7 (Urticaria Activity Score) to Assess tx: non sedating antihistamine oral corticosteroid if severe refer if rebound symptoms occur after steroid
87
Explain UAS7 (Urticaria Activity Score)
Records the severity of disease over 7 days <7 in one week: control of disease >28 in one week: SEVEREw
88
what do you give for acne if not responding to topical therapy=?
Antibiotic (lymecycline/doxycycline) for 3 months + topical retinoid / benzoyl peroxide CO-PRESCRIBED
89
What do you do for acne patients if not reponding to two courses of antibiotics / are scarring?
refer to dermatology for roaccutane
90
how do you manage uncomplicated cellulitis
if uncomplicated: at home with antibiotics HIGH DOSE FLUCLOX 7 DAYS arrange review in 48h
91
how does erysipelas present
similarly to cellulitis | but with VERY CLEAR demarcated rash
92
how do you mange erysipelas
Pen V
93
How do you manage Guttate Psoriasis
- Cold tar preparation - Topical emollients (E45) - Dithranol - Calcipotriol (vitamin D) ALSO Phototherapy (narrow band UVB 2-3x weekly)
94
How do you manage milia?
most clear by themselves | remove if cosmetically displeasing (fine needle, cryotherapy)
95
how do you manage viral warts in children?
watchful waiting daily salicyilc acid/ lactic acid and file it down cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen

Y5 Paediatrics (30 decks)

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