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Year 4 equine > Dermatology (Excluding The Bits Poppy Covered) > Flashcards

Dermatology (Excluding The Bits Poppy Covered) Flashcards

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1
Q

Top differential for lesions of the mane, tail and ventral line

A

Insect bite hypersensitivity

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2
Q

Top differential for tail rubbing/hair looks on tail

A

Oxyuris equi
Insect bite hypersensitivity
Lice infestation

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3
Q

Common conditions presenting as macule/patches (circumscribed flat impalpable colour change areas)

A

Alopecia areata
Vitiligo

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4
Q

Common conditions presenting as papules and plaques (solid circumscribed discoloured firm areas)

A

Bacterial infection
Fungal infections
Some ectoparasites

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5
Q

Common conditions presenting as vesicles (raised fluid-filled well demarcated lesions)

A

EHV-3
Vesicular stomatitis
Pemphigus foliaceus

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6
Q

Common conditions presenting as Pustules

A

Bacterial infections
Insect bites
Fungal infections

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7
Q

Common conditions presenting as wheals (flat topped, oedematous raise lumps with no skin changes)

A

Urticaria
Food allergies
Insect stings

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8
Q

Common conditions presenting as nodules (raised circumscribed solid lumps extending deep into dermis)

A

Papilloma
Sarcoid
Melanoma
Eosinophilic granuloma
Exuberant granulation tissue

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9
Q

Common conditions presenting as neoplasia

A

Melanoma
Sarcoids
Cutaneous lymphoma
Fibromas
Mastocytoma
Histiocytoma

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10
Q

Common conditions presenting as abscesses

A

Trauma
Streptococcal, clostridial (c, pseudotuberculosis) infection

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11
Q

Common conditions presenting as alopecia

A

Self mutilation from pruritis
Healing fungal-bacterial infections

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12
Q

Common conditions presenting as scale

A

Ectoparasites
Pemphigus
Chronic fungal-bacterial infections

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13
Q

Common conditions presenting as crusts

A

Chronic fungal-bacterial infections
Pemphigus
Chronic mites
Systemic lupus

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14
Q

Common conditions presenting as erosions

A

Insect bite hypersensitivity
Drug reaction 2nd to scratching

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15
Q

Common conditions presenting as ulcers

A

Pressure sores
Habronemiasis

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16
Q

Common conditions presenting as lichenification

A

Sarcoidosis
Pemphigus
Systemic lupus

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17
Q

Common conditions presenting as hyper/hypopigmentation

A

Repeated trauma
Healing fungal-bacterial infections

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18
Q

What can swollen frayed hair shafts indicate

A

Dermatophytosis

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19
Q

What test should you send for if suspect of dermatophytosis

A

PCR as faster than culture

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20
Q

What bacteria causes rainscald

A

dermatophilus congolensis

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21
Q

What do you have to be careful of diagnosing rainscald

A

dermatophilus congolensis looks like fungi as shows a railroad pattern on cytology

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22
Q

Importance of allergy tests

A

Don’t currently work

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23
Q

Location of lesions for chorioptes equi

A

Distal limb +++
Groin/abdomen possible

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24
Q

Presentation of chorioptes equi

A

Signalment
-draft breeds
- feathers
- winter
Clinical signs
- rubbing/scratching/stomping distal limbs
-exudate, scabbing, alopecia

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25
Lesion position of trombicula autumnalis
Head and leg++
26
Presentation of trombicula autumnalis
Densely feathered but all horses Biting/stomping at legs Small papules on pastern/nose
27
Lesion site if psoroptes equi
Head, tail, ears
28
Presentation of psoroptes equi
All horses Tail rubbing/broken hairs Scaling of ears Ear discharge
29
Dermanyssus gallinae lesions
Legs face and abdomen papules/crust
30
Presentation of Dermanyssus gallinae
All horses Small orange/red mite Biting/stomping legs Lesions of papules/crusts
31
Management/ treatment for chorioptes equi
Clip feathers (burn the hair) Extensive disinfection (should allow stables to rest) Treat all horses Treat with Doramectin injection - 0.25% fipronil spray daily for a week then weekly for 4 - 5% lime sulphur solution weekly for a month
32
Management/treatment of trombicula autumnalis
Remove straw Avoid infected grass/woods Treat with lime sulphur solution, pyrethrin spray or 0.25% fipronil spray
33
Management/treatment for psoroptes equi
Remove all organic debris from stable disinfect and rest (70 days) disinfect tack also. Treatment - otitis - oral macrocytic lactones - lime sulphur solution -Pyrethrin spray
34
Management/treatment of lice
Disinfect stable with 10% bleach. Wash rugs/nummahs at 60 degrees Poss treat in contacts Treatment - permethrin pour on - 0.25% fipronil spray - 1% Se sulphide shampoo q10days X3
35
When is oxyuris equi common
Young horses never treated with ivermectin
36
When does insect bite hypersensitivity develop
3-4 years
37
What breeds are predisposed to insect bite hypersensitivity
Icelandic, German shires, welshies, Shetlands, Connemaras
38
Management for insect bite hypersensitivity
Inside at dusk till dawn - cover windows with fly mesh Fly sheets on when out of stables Keep away from water Fly repellent
39
How does food allergy present in the horse
Type 1 hypersensitivity Face neck and trunk lesions Angioedema and urticaria
40
How does contact dermatitis present in the horse
Type 4 hypersensitivity Erythema, oedema, oozing to alopecia/lichenification from tack Mouth/ventral abdomen from tack
41
Management/treatment of rainscald
Wear gloves - can be zoonotic Most spontaneously regress Wash tack rugs etc @60 in captain Avoid sunlight Keep dry antiseptic washes of lesions but dry after daily k-permanganate for 5 days Systemic antibiotics if necessary
42
Predisposition for rainscald
Poor nutrition Poor hygiene (sweat) High temperature High humidity Low immunity
43
Causal agents of dermatophytosis
Trichophyton equinum Mycrosporum gypseum
44
Management/treatment of dermatophytosis
Gloves! Isolate and disinfect K-monopersulphate to fog premises outbreaks Chlorhexidine spray daily x7 days Chlorhexidine and miconazole spray/shampoo 2-3x weekly
45
Most common cause of photosensitisation
Type 3 hypersensitivity caused by liver failure
46
What is photosensitisation
Abnormal reaction of the skin when exposed to UV radiation
47
What is pemphigus
Exfoliative dermatitis due to type 2 hypersensitivity with antibodies directed at dermal cells. Poorly understood
48
Diagnosis of pemphigus
Acantholysis on biopsy
49
Treatment of pemphigus
Long term immunosuppressive glucocorticoids Omega fatty acids Vitamin E Sunlight restriction
50
What is onchocerca
A microfilaria parasite
51
Treatment of onchocerca
Macrocytic lactones
52
How does EHV-3 present
Lesions on the vulva, perineum, penis, prepuce and testicles Oral and lip ulcers Venereal transmission
53
How do you diagnose alopecia areata
Biopsy
54
What is vitiligo
Idiopathic depigmentation common around eyes/lips of grey horses which Andalusians/Arabs more predisposed
55
What is urticaria
Immunologic reaction to allergens
56
Management of urticaria
Identify trigger Wash skin if a contact reaction Steroids Cetirizine Omega fatty acids
57
Where does pedal/pastern dermatitis affect
Caudal aspect of the pasterns
58
What are the primary pathogens involved in pastern/pedal dermatitis
Staphylococcus aureus and dermatophilus congolensis
59
What is chronic proliferative lymphedema
Elastin dysfunction in lymphatic vessels Predisposition in shire/Clydesdale/Belgian draft
60
Diagnosis and management of pastern/pedal dermatitis
Clip hair and take samples Clean and dry thoroughly Avoid bandaging Treat primary problem Will be a long term issue
61
Causes of melanomas
Gene mutation in STX17g, changes in melanocyte behavior Disturbance in melanin transfer
62
Types of melanoma
Melanocytic nevi (single/multiple discrete nodules) Dermal melanoma (originate in deep dermis - single/multiple nodules) Dermal melanomatosis (confluent large melanomas - risk of mets) Malignant (rare, invasive, likely to reoccur)
63
Most common melanoma location
Under tail
64
Diagnosis of melanoma
Visual Ultrasound FNA
65
Sarcoid features
Benign Non metastatic Locally aggressive
66
Types of sarcoid
Occult Verrucose Nodular Fibroblastic Mixed Malignant
67
Occult sarcoid
Hairless skin Mild/stable/superficial Milks hyperkeratosis
68
Verrucose
Rarely aggressive unless injured Warty looking Hyperkeratosis with flake/scale
69
Nodular sarcoids
Not an issue till injured 0.5-20cm Firm, spherical subcut nodules 2 types Confined to subcutaneous Involvement of overlying skin
70
Fibroblastic sarcoids
Ulcerated, fleshy, look aggressive 2 types Pedunculated with small base palpable under skin Wide base diffuse/I'll defined margins
71
Mixed sarcoids
Mixture of types
72
Malignant sarcoid
Highly invasive, infiltrative of lymphatic vessels Repeated injury if skin lesion can result
73
Treatment of sarcoids
Topical creams Banding (thin peduncle) Intralesional chemo (cisplatin) Laser surgery Electrochemotherapy Vaccines Radiotherapy
74
Cause of sarcoids
Bovine papilloma virus in tissue Potentially fly transmission Skin trauma giving direct access to BPV to subepidermal fibroblasts leading to abnormal proliferation
75
Squamous cell carcinoma
Locally invasive - more common in areas with limited hair, mucocutaneous junctions and poorly haired areas Flies, smegma and UV predisposed
76
Melanoma treatment
Vaccination Intralesional therapy

Year 4 equine (20 decks)

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