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4th Year Exam > Dermatology ILOs > Flashcards

Dermatology ILOs Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

What is the main cause of TEN and what differentiated this from SJS?

A

Drug induced

SJS: <10% skin detachment from body
TEN: >30% skin detachment

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2
Q

Give 2 risks and 2 symptoms of TEN

A

R: Female + HIV
S: Fever + Dysphagia

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3
Q

What 4 skin lesions may be seen in TEN/SJS

A

Macules
Diffuse erythema
Targetoid
Blisters

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4
Q

What 3 things may a FBC show in TEN?

A

Anaemia
Leukopenia
Neutropenia

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5
Q

Give 3 management options for TEN

A

Stop causative drug
Analgesia
Sterile bandages
Fluid balance

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6
Q

Give 2 complications of TEN

A

Sepsis

Death (30%)

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7
Q

Define erythema multiforme and give 2 causes

A

Hypersensitivity triggered by infections e.g. HSV or EBV presenting with skin eruption characterised by typical target lesion

EBV + Penicillin

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8
Q

Give 2 symptoms of erythema multiforme

A

Fever

Lesions on hands/feet/neck/face/trunk

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9
Q

Despite erythema multiforme being mainly self-limiting, name 2 treatments and 2 epidemiological points

A

Antihistamine + Mouthwash for oral pain

20-40y/o + male

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10
Q

Define acute urticaria and give 2 causes

A

Itchy wheals (hives) lasting <24 hours +/- angioedema Type 1 IgE response

Virus
Food allergy

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11
Q

What treatment can be given in acute urticaria and in which individuals does this condition commonly occur?

A

Antihistamine

Atopic individuals

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12
Q

Name 3 drugs which can cause a Lichenoid rash

A

ACEI
Diuretics
NSAIDs

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13
Q

Define erythroderma and give 2 causes

A

Widespread reddening of skin due to inflammatory skin disease

Drug induced e.g. ACEI
Atopic dermatitis

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14
Q

Give 3 symptoms of erythroderma

A

Redness and oedema
Fever
Itch

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15
Q

Name 3 things which blood tests may show in erythroderma

A

Anaemia
Eosinophilia
Raised IgE

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16
Q

Give 3 management options for erythroderma

A

Fluid balance
Emollient
Topical steroid

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17
Q

Give 2 complications of erythroderma

A

Fluid loss

Secondary infection

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18
Q

Define cellulitis and give 2 causative organisms

A

Bacterial infection of lower dermis and subcutaneous tissue

Haemophilus Influenza
Strep. Viridans

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19
Q

Give 3 symptoms of cellulitis

A

Warmth
Unilateral redness
Blistering

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20
Q

Give 2 risks and 2 complications of cellulitis

A

R: diabetes + pregnancy
C: NF + sepsis

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21
Q

Give 3 management options for cellulitis

A

ABX
Analgesia
Fluid balance

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22
Q

Define necrotising fasciitis

A

Infection of subcutaneous fascia, rapidly spreading over hours with a mix of anaerobes and aerobes

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23
Q

Give 3 symptoms of NF

A

Firstly painful, then PAINLESS

Systemically unwell

Skin breakdown with bullae

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24
Q

Give 3 investigations of NF

A

FBC (raised WCC, CRP, CK)
Blood culture
Deep tissue biopsy

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25
Give 2 treatment options for NF
ABX in ITU | Debridement
26
What is Staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome?
Staph. Aureus producing exfoliative exotoxin = widespread bullae and exfoliation
27
Define impetigo and outline treatment
Staphylococcal infection of epidermis, ‘honey coloured’ crust Tx: remove crust, give fluclox.
28
Define eczema
Inflammation of the skin, barrier defect + inherited abnormality in Filaggrin (protein which binds keratin fibres) considered cause
29
What is atopic eczema and how is it managed?
Increased IgE associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis Tx: emollient, bandage, antihistamine, antibiotics
30
What is seborrhoeic dermatitis and give 1 treatment
Chronic, scaly inflammation on face, scalp, eyebrows and upper chest caused by overgrowth of Pityrosporum ovale yeast Tx: Anti-yeast shampoo
31
What is eczema herpeticum?
Herpes simplex virus complicating eczema presenting as eczema that has suddenly become painful as opposed to itchy
32
Define psoriasis
Chronic relapsing scaling skin appearing at any age, anywhere on the body caused by T-cell mediated AI disease
33
Outline the pathology of psoriasis
- Abnormal T-cell infiltration causes inflammatory cytokine, IL and TNF release = keratinocyte proliferation
34
Give 3 clinical features of psoriasis
- Redness (white in darker skin) - Scaling - centre of back/hairline
35
Give 3 treatment options for psoriasis
Topical creams Phototherapy light Tx(to increase via. D and decrease turnover) Immunosuppression
36
What are the 3 main types of skin cancer?
1. Basal cell carcinoma 2. Squamous cell carcinoma 3. Malignant melanoma
37
What can a basal cell carcinoma look like?
- Shiny rolled edges - Ulcerated centre - Broken vessels
38
Give 3 treatments of basal cell carcinoma
Surgical excision with 3-4mm margin Curettage and cautery Cryotherapy
39
Define squamous cell carcinoma and give 2 treatments
From keratinocytes in normal skin or chronically inflamed skin e.g. surgical scar Tx: - Surgical excision with 4mm margin - Curettage and cautery
40
Define Lentigo melanoma
Precursor to melanoma usually on the face on sun damaged skin
41
Define acral melanoma
Usually presents late and has a poorer prognosis and although rare is slightly more common in darker skin types
42
Give 3 treatment options for melanoma
Surgical excision with margins depending on Breslow score Immunotherapy e.g. ipilimumab MEK (immune checkpoint) inhibitor e.g. trametinib
43
Outline the parameters of the Breslow score for skin cancer removal
- I = <1mm - II = 1-2mm - III = 2-4mm - IV = >4mm
44
Define acne vulgaris and give 3 clinical features
- Papules - Pustules - Open and closed comedones Caused by keratin and sebum blocking sebaceous glands
45
What bacteria is commonly implicated in acne?
Propionibacteria
46
Give 3 treatments of acne
Reduce plugging: topical treatments e.g. retinoid Reduce bacteria: topical/oral antibiotics Reduce sebum production: hormones e.g. anti-androgen like OCP
47
What is oral isotretinoin (Roacutane)?
An oral retinoid treatment for severe acne vulgaris which is a concentrated form of vitamin A
48
Name 3 skin conditions associated with diabetes
Necrobiosis lipidica Diabetic dermopathy Granuloma annulare
49
What thyroid pathology can cause dry skin?
Hypothyroidism
50
Which skin condition of reddened concentric bands on the skin is associated with lung cancer?
Erythema Gyratum Repens
51
What is acanthosis nigricans?
Smooth, velvet-like hyperkeratotic plaques in groin, neck and axillae
52
What is erythema nodosum and name 2 conditions with which it is associated
Streptococcal infection - Sarcoidosis - IBD
53
Define leg ulcers and give 2 causes
Full thickness skin loss on leg or foot due to any cause, acute or chronic (>4 weeks) Pressure + Injury
54
Give 3 symptoms of leg ulcers
Below knee, mostly inner ankles Surrounded by mottled brown or black skin Painless unless infected
55
Give 3 treatment options for leg ulcers
Elevate and compress Surgery US guided sclerotherapy
56
Name 2 groups of people who may get leg ulcers
Diabetics | Chronic venous insufficiency
57
Define rosacea and give 3 symptoms
Chronic rash involving central face, starting often between 30-60 y/o Frequent flushing or blushing Red papules and pustles Dry, flaky face
58
Give 3 triggers of Rosacea
Alcohol Sun Spicy food
59
Give 3 treatments for Rosacea
Reduce triggers ABX e.g. doxycycline Topical e.g. Metronidazole gel
60
Define chronic urticaria
Daily or episodic wheals or angioedema present for 6 weeks or more e.g. dermographism
61
What is the cause of chronic urticaria?
Chemical mediators from mast cells and basophils including histamine and cytokines
62
What is bullous pemphigoid and name one treatment?
Blisters between epidermis and dermis, IgG binds to BM causing blistering. Tx: steroids
63
What is bullous pemphigus?
IgG binds to desmosomes with mucosal involvement common
64
What is dermatitis herpetiformis?
IgA antibodies due to intolerance of gliadin fraction of gluten (associated with coeliac)
65
Define alopecia areata and give the cause
One or more round bald patches appear suddenly on the scalp caused by AI disorder when T-cells surround the hair follicle
66
Give 3 treatments for alopecia
Topical e.g. potent or ultrapotent topical steroids Intralesional cortisone injections Systemic corticosteroids
67
Define cutaneous vasculitis
Group of disorders where blood vessels become inflamed in the skin (capillaries, small vessels, medium vessels and large vessels (e.g. giant cell arteritis)
68
Give 2 causes of cutaneous vasculitis
Bacterial infection | Indirect injury by autoantibodies
69
Give 2 symptoms of cutaneous vasculitis
Petechiae | Purpura
70
Give 2 indications for surgery in cellulitis
Sepsis syndrome | Signs of NF

4th Year Exam (20 decks)

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