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Dermatology > Dermatology Pharmacology and Prescribed > Flashcards

Dermatology Pharmacology and Prescribed Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up a topical therapy?

A

Vehicle and active drug

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2
Q

What is a vehicle?

A

A pharmacologically inert, physically and chemically stable substance that carries the active drug

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3
Q

Factors that affect absorption

A 
Concentration 
Base/vehicle
Chemical properties of the drug
Thickness and hydration of strateum corneum 
Temperature
Skin site
Occlusion
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4
Q

What can be used as a vehicle?

A 
Solution 
Cream 
Lotion 
Gel 
Foam 
Tape
Paste
Spray powder
Shampoo 
Ointment 
Paint
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5
Q

What do topical steroids do?

A

Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties
Regulates pro inflammatory cytokines
Suppress fibroblast, endothelial and leukocyte function
Vasoconstriction
Inhibit vascular permeability

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6
Q

How much is a finger tip unit?

A

Approx 0.5g

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7
Q

Side effects of topical steroids

A 
Thinning/atrophy 
Striae
Bruising 
Hirsutism 
Telangiectasia 
Acne / rosacea / perioral dermatitis 
Glaucoma
Systemic absorption 
Cataracts
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8
Q

What is hirsutism?

A

A condition of unwanted, male pattern hair growth in women - coarse dark hair on face, chest and back

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9
Q

What is telangiectasia?

A

A condition in which whidened venules (tiny blood vessels) cause threadlike red lines or patterns on the skin - spider veins

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10
Q

What are the systemic treatments in dermatology?

A

Retinoids
Traditional immunosuppressants
Biologicals (also immunosuppressive)

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11
Q

What are retinoids?

A

Vitamin A analogues

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12
Q

What do retinoids do?

A

Normalise keratinocyte function

Anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects

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13
Q

What retinoid is used in acne?

A

Isotretinoin

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14
Q

What retinoid is used in psoriasis?

A

Acitretin

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15
Q

What retinoid is used in hand eczema?

A

Alitretinoin

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16
Q

What retinoid is used in cutaneous T cell lymphoma?

A

Bexarotene

17
Q

Side effects of retinoids

A 
Teratogenic
Cheilitis 
Xerosis
Increased transaminases
Increased triglycerides 
Rare S/Es
- psychiatric 
- eye
- bone
18
Q

Definition of cheilitis

A

Dry lips

19
Q

Definition of xerosis

A

Dry skin

20
Q

What immunosuppressants are used to treat inflammatory skin disorders?

A 
Oral steroids
Azathioprine 
Ciclosporin 
Methotrexate 
Mycophenolate mofetil
21
Q

What is there a risk of when using immunosuppressants?

A

Malignancy

Serious infection

22
Q

What tests need to be done in the regular monitoring when on immunosuppressants?

A

FBC
Renal function
Liver function

23
Q

Risks when using biologics

A 
Infection 
- TB reactivation 
- serious infection 
- avoid live vaccines
Malignancy
24
Q

Risks when using TNF inhibitors

A

Demyelination

Dermatology (11 decks)

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