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Dermatology > Skin Infections and Infestations > Flashcards

Skin Infections and Infestations Flashcards

1
Q

What are the common viruses that infect the skin?

A

Human papilloma
Herpes simplex
Herpes zoster
Molluscum contagiosum

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2
Q

What are the common bacterium that infect the skin?

A

Staph aureus
Streptococcus
Corynebacterium miniutissimum

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3
Q

What are the common yeast/fungi that infect the skin?

A

Candida albicans
Pityosporum
True fungi

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4
Q

What is the ectoparasite that affects the skin?

A

Scabies

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5
Q

Incubation of warts

A

Approx. 4 months

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6
Q

How do you get warts?

A

Direct inoculation

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7
Q

Peak age incidence of warts (not genital)

A

12 - 16 years

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8
Q

Types of warts

A 
Plantar 
Genital 
Plane
Filiform 
Mosaic
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9
Q

What % of warts regress within 2 years?

A

65%

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10
Q

Treatment of warts

A

None
Chemical paints
Cryotherapy
Imiquimod (genital)

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11
Q

What is cryotherapy?

A

Liquid nitrogen

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12
Q

What does HSV cause?

A

Labial warts
Genital warts
Whitlow
Cornea

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13
Q

Treatment of HSV

A

Aciclovir

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14
Q

What does HZV cause?

A

Shingles

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15
Q

Treatment of HZV

A

Oral Aciclovir

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16
Q

Peak age incidence of molluscum contagiousum

A

10 years old

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17
Q

Incubation of molluscum contagiousum

A

2 weeks - 6 months

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18
Q

How long would it take for molluscum contagiousum to regress?

A

6 - 9 months

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19
Q

Treatment of molluscum contagiosum?

A

None
Cryotherapy
Expression + antiseptic

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20
Q

What can staph aureus cause?

A 
Boils, carbuncles, styes 
Folliculitis 
Impetigo 
Ecthyma 
Eczema flare ups 
SSSS
TSS
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21
Q

What can streptococci cause?

A 
Impetigo 
Ecthyma 
Erysipelas
Cellulitis
Eczema flare ups
Necrotising fasciitis
Guttate psoriasis
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22
Q

What can candida cause?

A 
Thrust
- oral
- vaginal 
Balanitis
Angular stomatitis 
Intertrigo 
Nappy rash 
Chronic paronychia
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23
Q

What can true fungi cause?

A 
Tinea pedis
Tinea cruris
Tinea corporis
Tinea faceii/barbae
Onchhomyocosis
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24
Q

Can you get rid of HSV once you have got it?

A

No

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25
Q

Where does HSV sit?

A

Dorsal route ganglia

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26
Q

What happens to episodes of HSV as time goes on?

A

Less frequent and less severe

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27
Q

As episodes of HSV become more frequent, what may appear before the spots?

A

Sensory symptoms

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28
Q

On fragile skin e.g. genitals, what can HSV come up as instead of pustules?

A

Erosions

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29
Q

What do you get when you acquire VZV for the first time?

A

Chickenpox

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30
Q

What results if a VZV is reactivated later on?

A

Shingles

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31
Q

Pathology of shingles

A

Virus comes down the peripheral nerves

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32
Q

Pain in HSV vs HZV

A

HZV much more pain

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33
Q

When does the pain in HZV occur compared to the rash?

A

Pain happens a few days before the rash

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34
Q

How do the vesicles appear in HZV?

A

Dermatomal distribution

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35
Q

When are your vesicles no longer infective in HZV?

A

When they crust over and the liquid dries up

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36
Q

What can HZV cross?

A

Placenta

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37
Q

If HZV gets where, this can be an emergency?

A

Eyes

38
Q

Presentation of impetigo

A

Honeycomb appearance

Golden cry flakey crust

39
Q

Is impetigo contagious?

A

Extremely

40
Q

Where is it most common to get impetigo?

A

Head and neck

41
Q

Treatment of boils

A

Drain pus

Antibiotics

42
Q

What is ecthyma?

A

Localised cutaneous infection

43
Q

Presentation of ecthyma

A

Localised
Crust in the middle
Ring of erythema

44
Q

Treatment of ecthyma

A

Antibiotics

45
Q

Where is the most common site of cellulitis?

A

Below the knee

46
Q

What type of areas does candida albicans like?

A

Moist, gooey conditions

47
Q

Presentation of candida albicans

A

Red erythema

Satellite pustules

48
Q

What is paranicia?

A

Inflammation of nail fold

49
Q

Most common cause of chronic paranicia

A

Candida albicans

50
Q

Treatment of paranicia

A

Co-trimizol

51
Q

What is the medical term for athlete’s foot?

A

Tinea pedis

52
Q

What % of adult population has tinea pedis?

A

20%

53
Q

Where is the most common place to get tinea pedis? Why?

A

Between 4th and 5th toes

They are squished together the most

54
Q

Treatment of tinea pedis

A

Co-trimezol

Topinephine

55
Q

What is tinea corposis also known as?

A

Ringworm

56
Q

What is tinea cruris?

A

Fungal infection of the crotch

57
Q

How can tinea cruris commonly be caused?

A

Athletes foot creeping up

58
Q

What is tinea barbi?

A

Fungal infection of hair follicles

59
Q

Lesions present in scabies

A

Burrow
Papules and vesicles
Excoriations
Pustules

60
Q

How can you catch scabies?

A 
Has to be from humans, not animals
Close contact for at least one minute
- school 
- family
- sexual 
Usually on hands
61
Q

Pathology of scabies

A

After 6 weeks, the mite burrows into the skin and produces faeces that you become allergic to

62
Q

What is the main presenting symptom of scabies and when is it at its worse?

A

Itching

Nighttime

63
Q

Presentation of scabies

A

Itching
Burrows
Widespread rash

64
Q

Who needs to be treated for scabies?

A

Patient

ALL close contacts

65
Q

Treatment of scabies

A

Licolir

66
Q

How is scabies cured?

A

Licolir
Leave on 8 - 12 hours then wash off
Repeat 7 days later to get rid of any fresh hatched eggs missed

67
Q

What would be the cause of a persistence of a rash in treated scabies?

A 
Treatment incorrect
- ALL contacts not treated simultaneously 
- ALL patients not treatment 
Diagnosis incorrect 
Too much treatment
- can cause eczema and itching
68
Q

What can be done to prevent shingles and in who?

A

Vaccine
- subcutaneously
- live attenuated
70 - 79 y/o

69
Q

Main contraindication to shingles vaccine

A

Immunosuppression

70
Q

Causative organisms of impetigo

A

Staph areus

Strep pyogenes

71
Q

Who is impetigo common in?

A

Children

Particularly in warm weather

72
Q

Incubation period of impetigo

A

4 - 10 days

73
Q

Is impetigo contagious?

A

Yes, very

74
Q

Treatment of impetigo if it is limited, localised disease

A

Topical fusidic acid 1st line
Topical retapamulin acid 2nd line
If MRSA - Topical mupirocin

75
Q

Treatment of impetigo if extensive disease

A

Oral flucloxacillin

Oral erythromycin if penicillin allergy

76
Q

Should children be excluded from school if have impetigo?

A

Yes

  • until lesions crusted over or
  • 48 hours after commencing antibiotic treatment
77
Q

Causative organism of molluscum contagiosum

A

Molluscum contagiousum virus

78
Q

Transmission of molluscum contagiosum

A

Close direct contact
Indirectly via fomites (contaminated surfaces) e.g. flannels and shared towels
Sexual

79
Q

Features of rash of molluscum contagiosum

A

Pinkish or pearly white papules with a central umbilication, which are up to 5mm n diameter

80
Q

Where do lesions appear in mollucsum contagiousum?

A

Clusters in areas on anywhere on the body
EXCEPT
- palms
- soles of feet

81
Q

Is molluscum contagiousum a self limiting condition?

A

Yes

82
Q

Should children with molluscum contagiousum be excluded from school?

A

No

83
Q

Who should be referred with mollsucum contagiousum?

A

HIV positive with extensive lesions
Eyelid margin or ocular lesions and assosiated red eye
Adults with anogenital lesions

84
Q

Treatment of fungal nail infection

A

Oral Terbinafine

85
Q

What is marjolins ulcer?

A

SSC occurring at sites of chronic inflammation or previous injury

86
Q

What is pyoderma gangrenosum associated with?

A

IBD

87
Q

Presentation of pyoderma gangrenosum

A

Commonly found on lower limbs
Painful
Size of an insect bite which grows
Red base and yellow topping (margarita pizza)

88
Q

Treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum

A

Steriods

89
Q

What are stress ulcers due to burns referred as and what may they cause?

A

Curlings ulcer

Haematemesis

90
Q

What is the parkland formula used for?

A

Calculate the volume of IV fluid required for resuscitation over the first 24 hours after a burn

91
Q

What is seborrheic dermatitis in adults due to?

A

Inflammatory reaction to Malassezia furfur

Dermatology (11 decks)

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