descion making Flashcards
(22 cards)
what is choking
who is the author ?
baumister 1984
choking refers to the occurrence of inferior performance in spite of striving and incentives for superior performance
reinvestment is …
… the exertion of conscious control over automatic process using the explicit rules that govern the skill
what is and who created the reinvestment scale
masters et al, 1993
predicts conscious processing and motor skill failure under stress
what was the development rationale for the reinvestment scale
skills have sig cognitive and perceptual components that underpin successful decision making
develop a decision specific scale… measures individual tendency for engaging in conscious decision making
what two factors are part of the reinvestment scale ?
1 ) decision reinvestment
- conscious monitoring of the process that produced the decision
2) decision rumination - propemsity to focus upon past inaccurate decisions that they have made
what happened in the dsrs predicitive validity study 1 ?
59 participants
each participant completed the dsrs
coaches rated players tendency to choke under pressure our of 10
all teams found a strong significant correlation with perceived performance under pressure with dsrs scores
what were the aims in the dsrs predicitive validity study 2 ?
examines effects of pressure on performance - role of reinvestment
explore choking phenomena using psychomotor skills
asses the predictive validity of the movement and decision specific reinvestment scale
what was the method for the dsrs predicitive validity study 2 ?
15 female students, netball 1st and 2nd team
completed MSRS AND DSRS
PERFORMANCE FOLLOWED ACROSS SEASON
anxiety and performance statistics were calculated
what was found about pressure within dsrs predicitive validity study 2 ?
significant overall effect of pressure
interaction effect between pressure and DSRS group
interaction effects between pressure and MSRS group
what were the key findings in study 2 ?
significant difference in performance lvels between high and low pressure grouped games and performance measures between high and low reinvesters
performance decrements increase in anxiety
choking mediated by tendency to reinvest and ruminate
DSRS showed greated predictive validity than MSRS in choking in netballe passing
what were the aims in the predicitive validity study 3?
looked specifically to isolate decision-making performance
task complexity has been shown to moderate the relationship between reinvestment and choking
investigate relationship between DSRS scores and performance decrements under pressure on a basketball choice prediction task of varying complexities
what was the method for the predicitive validity study 3 ?
basket ball players
3 (pressure) x 2 (task complexity) repeated measures design
manipulation involed video/monetary/ peer
key findings of predicative validity study 3 ?
findings indicated promising psychometric properties of the scale
identify those individuals more prone to impaired decision making under pressure
clearer identification of the potential causes - inform coaches to better tailor interventions/ training
what are the effects of ref decision making
make around 137 decisions
often made under intense pressure and often negative scrutiny from players, coaches and fans
who undertook the study on ambiguity in referees ?
nevil et al 2002
what were the methods and results in study undertaken about ambiguity within referees
40 referees had to make decisions doe 50 typical tackling situations
no results found a unanimous decision by all referees
referees are superior to players in a referee decision task ….(author)
but most reported biases are unaffected by referees exertise level
MachMahon et al 2007
Plessner 2005
in principle, referees decision making accuracy can be improved via feedback learning even beyond perceptual limitations ….
Jendrushh 2002
what other factors influence referees decision making ? (4)
the crowd noise
Home field advantage
their view of the game
colours on the pitch
in ambiguous foul situations, the taller player is more likely to be penalised …..
Vab Ququebeke et al 2010
key findings of height bias in referees
taller players are favoured less in ambigious situations
effect is magnified in individuals with ruminative tendencies
height bias in referees
ruminative thoughts may consume working memory and the resources required to override preconditioned/ unconscious biases using heuristic based strategies or multiple probabilistic cue …..author
Plessner 2009
