Design Influences, Styles and Movements Flashcards

1
Q

Arts and crafts (1850-1900) influences

A

A reaction to the loss of traditional skills and overuse of ornamentation that was perceived to have resulted from the Industrial Revolution, as personified by the Great Exhibition of 1851

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2
Q

Arts and Crafts (1850-1900) inspirations

A

Medieval craft guilds, simplicity, natural forms and beauty of timber

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3
Q

Art Deco (1925-1939) influences and inspirations

A

The end of the First World War

Aspirational consumers

Popularity of travel

Growth of mass production

The Paris Exhibition of 1925

Discovery of Tutankhamun’s tomb in 1922

International styles such as Egyptian temples, Aztec motifs and African carvings

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4
Q

Arts and Crafts (1850-1900) Features

A

Honest, handmade traditional methods such as pegged mortise and tenon joints

Machinery only used to assist in tedious tasks not to replace skilled craftsmen

Simple and functional

Beauty of materials such as the grain and figure of oak clearly displayed

Use of patterned, natural forms on tiles, wallpaper and textiles

Rebelled against mass production - manufactured by an individual or small group called ‘guilds’

Only the wealthy could afford it

The William Morris chair 1886

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5
Q

Arts and Crafts (1850-1900) designers

A

William Morris

Charles Voysey

Richard Norman Shaw

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6
Q

Art Deco (1925-1939) features

A

Ziggurat, stepped decorations and building styles such as New York skyscrapers

Sunburst motifs, often found as decorations and radio grille designs

Chevron patterns, zigzagged, trapezoid and geometric shapes

Stylised, geometrical form of products, from jewellery to furniture, contrasting with Art Nouveau

Distinctive circular patterns, bold straight lines, subtle use of colour and shade, often abstract
Unique style of writing - thin to thick

Bold colours as well as black and chrome

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7
Q

Art Deco (1925-1939) designers

A

Clarice Cliff

Eileen Gray

Rene Lalique

Walter Dorwin Teague

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8
Q

Modernism: Bauhaus (1919-1933) influences and inspirations

A

Post-First World War idealism

Abolition of censorship

Arts and Crafts’ views on form and function

WW1 industrial methods and materials

Art Deco - geometrically pure forms

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9
Q

Modernism: Bauhaus (1919-1933) features

A

Founded as an art school by Walter Gropius but closed due to pressure from the Nazis

Course covered materials, form, metalwork, furniture design, architecture, graphics etc - students of different disciplines would learn from one and other

‘Form follows function’ - rejected the use of liberal use of decoration of Art Noveau

‘Everyday products for everyday people’ - affordable to a wide range of consumers

‘Products for a machine age’ - use of modern processes and materials

‘Geometrically pure forms’

Used modern materials such as tubular steel in contrast with Arts and Crafts’

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10
Q

Modernism: Bauhaus (1919-1933) designers

A

Walter Gropius

Marcel Breuer

Marianne Brandt

Mies Van Der Rohe

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11
Q

Post-modernism: Memphis (1981-1988) influences and inspirations

A

A Milan-based collective of designers rebelling against the functionality of modernism saying it was boring

Art Deco and other movements and products that interested them such as Pop Art and children’s toys

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12
Q

Post-modernism: Memphis (1981-1988) features

A
Playful 
Bold 
Bright 
Colourful 
Sculptural designs that often overlooked functionality 

Anthropomorphic and zoomorphic (e.g. zebra print) features - to create ‘friendly designs’

Simplistic, abstract and often random juxtaposition of geometric forms designed to shock

Range of non-traditional materials such as plastic laminate, neon tubes and printed glass

Target market was richer individuals and galleries

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13
Q

Post-modernism: Memphis (1981-1988) designers

A

Ettore Sottsass

Michele De Lucchi

Martine Bedine

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14
Q

Design movements that I need to know about

A

Arts and Crafts (1850-1900)

Art Deco (1925-1939)

Modernism: Bauhaus (1919-1933)

Post-modernism: Memphis (1981-1988)

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15
Q

Wassily B3 chair (1925)

A

Bauhaus design
Relatively cheap
Made use of modern mass production techniques
Simplistic yet thoughtful design

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16
Q

MB-118 chair 1928

A
Bauhaus design - Marcel Breuer 
Minimalist 
Very functional 
Aesthetically pleasing 
New materials and manufacturing techniques
17
Q

The Etruscan 1984

A

Post modernism design - Danny Lane
Visually, high impact
Artistic, ornamental, display/exhibition piece
Lacks functionality
High level of craft skills
One off manufacture
Modern, non-traditional materials - glass is brittle, sharp and cold

18
Q

‘Saville’ armchair 1890

A

Arts and Crafts movement chair made via William Morris’ firm
Exquisite patterned fabric with natural forms and carefully crafted polished wood
Comfortable

19
Q

Chrysler building 1930s

A

New York Skyscaper
Made use of stainless steel
Makes use of Ziggurat combined with sunburst motif variations

20
Q

William Morris

A

Socialist opposed to the poor working conditions of factories and the inferior quality of goods being manufactured at the time

21
Q

Carlton dresser

A

Designed by Ettoire Sotsass in 1981

Striking angular structure with bright colours

Barely functional

Designed for maximum aesthetic impact - it is a statement piece