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Flashcards in Responsible Design Deck (17)
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1
Q

Carbon footprint

A

The total amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere as a result of the activities of an individual, a community or an organisation

2
Q

Sustainable development

A

In 1987 this concept was introduced by the World Commission on Environment and Development (the Brundtland Commission)

Development which meets the needs of current generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

Has three strands:

Economic
Social
Environmental

3
Q

Primary carbon footprint

A

Measures direct emissions of CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels, including transport and domestic energy consumption

4
Q

Secondary carbon footprint

A

The secondary footprint is the sum of indirect emissions associated with the manufacture and breakdown of all products, services and food an individual or business consumes.

5
Q

Environmental considerations of designers

A

Designers have the responsibility to design products that have minimal environmental impact they must consider:

How to conserve materials and energy

How to make products that are as sustainable and as environmentally friendly as possible

Primary and secondary carbon footprint

Product miles

6
Q

Sustainable development - economic

A

Materials choice - cost of materials especially when they are finite

Processing implications - energy cost and costs of dealing with potential pollution.

Manufacturing - cost of ensuring good working conditions

7
Q

Sustainable development - Social

A

Processing implications - such as pollution and the impact on people’s health

Manufacturing - such as working conditions

8
Q

Sustainable development - environmental

A

Material choice - such as the use of finite resources, how the material is obtained and end of product life recycling

Processing and manufacture - energy use and pollution

9
Q

Reducing the environmental impact of packaging

A

Making the packaging lightweight - reduced the material

Using recycled content

Making the packaging recyclable or reusable

Use of refills and concentrates

Using minimal packaging material

Charging for items such as supermarket carrier bags

10
Q

Advantages of renewable energy

A

Sustainable - won’t run out

Renewable energy facilities generally require less maintenance than traditional generators

Fuel derived from natural resources reduces operational costs

Little or no environmental pollutants produced

Social and economic benefits - projects can bring benefits through employment and use of local services to an area

11
Q

Disadvantages of renewable energy

A

An be difficult to generate the large quantities of energy produced by traditional fossil fuel generators

Often reliant on weather - potentially unreliable or inconsistent energy production

Cannot be stored in larger quantities for later use due to the impracticalities of having power plant back-ups

Currently more expensive than fossil fuel or nuclear

12
Q

Circular economy

A

An approach that anticipates and designs for biological and technical nutrients to be continuously reused at the same quality, dramatically reducing the dependency on sourcing new materials

Cradle-to-cradle approach in a product life cycle rather than a traditional cradle-to-grave

13
Q

Biological nutrients

A

Organic, non-toxic materials that can be composted and safely re-enter ecosystems without harming the natural environment

E.g. Products made from wood that can naturally degrade to provide compost or nutrients to the ground

14
Q

Technical nutrients

A

Man-made materials designed to be used repeatedly at the same initial high quality with minimal energy and adverse environmental effects

E.g. Polymers and alloys

15
Q

A circular economy will …..

A

Work against the unsustainable ‘take, make, dispose’ culture

Promote and drive greater resource productivity

Reduce the use of finite resources

Reduce waste

Avoid pollution

Deliver a more competitive UK economy

Help reduce the environmental impact of our product manufacture and consumption in

16
Q

Examples of reducing the environmental impact of packaging

A

Marks and Spencer pizza packaging - reduced by 62% du to a redesign

KeepCup - reusable coffee cup designed for use within barista machines to reduce the environmental impact caused by disposable cups

17
Q

Methods used to conserve materials and energy by the manufacturer

A

Low energy light bulbs

Renewable energy - solar panels and wind turbines

Ensure the building is well insulated

Tessellation and standardised material sizes

Single redistribution processes - rotational moulding etc

Reduce material used - reduce thickness, honeycomb structures, structural angular

Adhesives rather than mechanical fasteners and addition processes

CAD modelling and CNC machinery

Use of MFA to check mould designs will fill