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Product Design > Wood Finishing > Flashcards

Flashcards in Wood Finishing Deck (22)
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1
Q

Purposes of finishing wood

A

Prevent the wood from absorbing moisture

Protect against decay

Protect against insect attack

Enhance the natural appearance of the final product

2
Q

Methods of degradation of natural wood - wet rot

A

alternating wetness and dryness results in the absorption of moisture

Despite the surface drying out, moisture remains below

Leads to break down of fibres and fungus spreads through the wood

The wood becomes soft, wet and crumbly

3
Q

Methods of natural wood degradation - dry rot

A

Fast-spreading fungus causes dry rot

This quickly turns the wood into a dry, soft, powdery state

4
Q

Methods of natural wood degradation - insect attack

A

Furniture beetle (woodworm) attacks softwood and hardwood

Deathwatch beetle attacks hardwood

Both lay their eggs in cracks in the wood

Hatched larvae eats into the wood creating tunnels

Developed beetles eat their way out via a flight hole

5
Q

Before applying a wood finish

A

Smooth the surface - planing and/or sanding with glass paper (in the direction of the grain)

Remove all dust with a cloth before a finish is applied

6
Q

Polyurethane varnish (acrylic varnish) properties

A

Available in gloss, satin and matte

Provides a hard, tough, heatproof, waterproof finish

Clear finish allows the grain to remain visible

7
Q

Water-based paints properties

A

Available in gloss, satin, matt and metallic effect

Applied for indoor and outdoor use

Predominantly for softwoods

Makes surfaces more aesthetically pleasing, tougher, harder and resistant to moisture

8
Q

Stains properties

A

Helps colour and enhance the grain

Can make inexpensive wood look more valuable

No specific protection properties

9
Q

Colour wash

A

Applied with a wet sponge and available in many different colours

Helps colour the wood to make it more aesthetically pleasing or to add vintage style whilst allowing the grain to show

10
Q

Wax properties

A

Can be buffed to provide a high-gloss finish

Increases surface hardness and toughness

Clear finish allows the grain to remain to be visible

Usually for indoor products

11
Q

Yacht varnish

A

Available in high gloss and satin

Applied via brush or sprayed directly onto the wood

Suitable for woods that are always outside

Increases toughness, hardness and weather resistance

12
Q

Danish oil properties

A

Available in clear and colour tints

Enhances the grain, not hardwearing but regular application builds up a matt, water-resistant finish

13
Q

Teak oil properties

A

Available in clear tint

Used for naturally oily woods

Used for outdoor products to improve weather resistant and resistance to fungal and insect attack

Aesthetically pleasing as grain is enhanced

14
Q

Pressure treating

A

Wood is placed in a pressure vessel containing a solution copper sulphate and other preserving salts

Vacuum and pressure are controlled to force the preservative deep into the fibres of the wood and then the wood is steam dried

Helps protect for rot, insect and fungal attack and weathering for up to 50 years

15
Q

Polyurethane varnish application process

A

Apply a thin coat with a brush - in the direction of the grain

Several thin coats applied - using fine-grade sandpaper between coats

16
Q

Water-based paints application process

A

Applied using a brush, rolled or spray

Primer -> undercoat -> paint finish

Wood knots should be treated with knotting solution - prevents the resin oozing out and spoiling the finish

17
Q

Stains application process

A

Applied with a brush, roller or spray

Surfaces should be grease-free before application

18
Q

Wax application process

A

Applied with a brush or stockinet cloth

Once dry, buffed with a clean lint-free cloth

Available in clear or coloured

19
Q

Danish oil application process

A

Apply with a lint-free cloth rubbing into the surface in the direction of the grain

Leave the wood to absorb the oil for 5 minutes

Then remove excess oil

Lightly sand or rub with wire wool between coats

20
Q

Teak oil application process

A

Apply to surface with lint-free cloth - rub the oil into the surface along the grain

Leave for 5 mins for the wood to absorb the oil - then wipe away excess

21
Q

Wood finishes

A

Polyurethane/acrylic varnish

Water-based paints

Stains

Colour wash

Wax

Yacht varnish

Danish oil

Teak oil

Pressure treating

22
Q

Pressure treating application process

A

Wood is stacked on a trolley and wheeled into the chamber

Air is removed by a vacuum pump

Treatment solution then fills the tank

Pressure is increased to force the treatment solution into the wood and remaining solution is removed

Final vacuum pump and then the wood is left to dry