Destroyer Bio 301-400 Flashcards
(135 cards)
1
Q
Cytochromes contain what cofactors?
A
Heme
2
Q
Cytochromes are associated with what system?
A
Electron transport chain
3
Q
Dinosaurs are from what era?
A
Mesozoic
4
Q
Most recent era?
A
Cenozoic
5
Q
Oldest era?
A
Precambrian era
6
Q
First land vertebrates, land plants, fish, and alga appeared in what era?
A
Paleozoic era
7
Q
Do embryos pass through stages that resemble their ancestors?
A
No
8
Q
Plasmolysis
A
Cell shrinking due to placement in hypertonic solution
9
Q
Sucrose monosaccharides?
A
Glucose + fructose
10
Q
Maltose monosaccharides?
A
Glucose (2 molecules)
11
Q
Lactose monosaccharides?
A
Galactose + glucose
12
Q
What’s special about an erythrocytes DNA?
A
Doesn’t have DNA (no nucleus)
13
Q
Bohr effect?
A
Hemoglobin unloads O2 under conditions of low pH
14
Q
Allosteric interaction?
A
Molecule binds leading to conformational change and primary binding site will no longer bind to usual substrate
15
Q
What types of hormones act by way of cyclic AMP?
A
Protein and polypeptide hormones
16
Q
Dicot vascular bundle arrangement?
A
Arranged around central core in the stem
17
Q
Monocot vascular bundle arrangement?
A
Scattered
18
Q
Bacteria kingdom?
A
Kingdom Monera
19
Q
Protista, eukaryotes or prokaryotes?
A
Eukaryotes
20
Q
9:3:3:1 characteristic of F1 or F2 generation?
A
F2
21
Q
Incomplete dominance?
A
Heterozygous phenotype is a combination of homozygous phenotypes
22
Q
Major histocompatibility complex?
A
Distinguishes self from non self
Triggers T-cells to attack
23
Q
Pyrimidines?
Rings?
A
Cytosine, Thymine, uracil
One ring
24
Q
Purines?
Rings?
A
Adenine and guanine
2 rings
25
Best technique to determine tertiary protein structure?
X-ray crystallography
26
Active muscle contraction results in formation of what?
Lactate
27
Larynx?
Voice box
28
Pharynx?
Back of throat
29
Bacteriophage?
Virus that infects a bacteria
30
Bacteriophage organelles?
None
31
Capsid?
| Contains?
Head of bacteriophage
| Many copies of proteins and DNA OR RNA
32
Interferon?
Cytokines that respond to viral attack
Glycoprotein
33
Algae classification?
Protist
34
Blue green algae classification?
Monera
35
Acetylcholinesterase function?
Hydrolyzes acetylcholine
36
Primary succession?
Succession in areas that have never supported a community
37
Secondary succession?
Succession on disturbed areas
38
Pulse-chase experiment?
Radioactive label placed on protein to track location
39
Do reptiles have gills?
Yes
40
Optically inactive amino acid?
Glycine
41
What does ovarian follicle become after ovulation?
Corpus luteum
42
What does the corpus luteum produce?
Estrogen and progesterone
43
Aldosterone precursor?
Cholesterol
44
Thyroxine precursor?
Amino acid
45
Cortisol precursor?
Cholesterol
46
Cortisone precursor?
Cholesterol
47
Predominant plant form in sperms?
Sporophyte
48
Mitosis makes up what percentage of cell cycle?
10%
49
In what structures are spores produced?
Sporangia
50
Sori?
Clusters of sporangia
51
Product of dark reactions in photosynthesis?
Glucose
52
Map unit corresponds to what measure?
Recombinant frequencies
53
What stage dominates fungus life cycle?
Haploid stage
54
Dioecious species?
Cannot self fertilize
55
K selected population characteristics?
Low reproductive rates and constant size
56
R selected population characteristics?
Rapid growth
Numerous offspring
Fast maturation
57
Glycogen and glucose relationship?
Glycogen is a branched polymer of glucose
58
Where is glycogen found?
Glycogen is found in skeletal muscle and the liver
59
What type of energy does glycogen represent?
Potential energy
60
Starch and glycogen are composed of what type of glucose?
Alpha glucose
61
Can more polypeptides or polysaccharides be made?
Polysaccharides because they can be branched or linear
62
What tissue transports water and minerals in plants?
Xylem
63
Main solute transported by phloem?
Sucrose
64
What does the casparian strip do in plants? Description?
Aids in water control. It is a waxy band.
65
What type of behavior occurs if animals conflict over a mate or food source?
Agonistic behavior
66
A nucleic acid backbone consists of what?
Phosphate and sugar units
67
What holds an alpha helix together?
Hydrogen bonds
68
What type of structure is a beta-pleated sheet?
Secondary structure
69
Does myoglobin contain quaternary structure?
No
70
Does hemoglobin content quaternary structure?
Yes
71
What is carbon dioxide transported in the blood as?
Bicarbonate Ion
72
Glucose in the urine is an indicator of what disease?
Diabetes
73
What do you nerve gases inhibit?
Acetylcholinesterase
74
Tay-Sachs disease inheritance?
Autosomal recessive
75
Is Tay-Sachs disease lethal?
Yes, approx 5 years
76
What occurs during Tay-Sachs disease?
Lipid build up in the brain
77
Most important factor affecting blood flow?
Blood vessel radius
78
How many nuclei do smooth muscles have?
One
79
Where do the air and food passages cross?
Pharynx
80
What enzyme breaks down peroxide into water and oxygen?
Catalase
81
Southern blot detect?
DNA
82
Northern blots detect?
RNA
83
Florescence correlation spectroscopy?
Studies cell to cell communication
84
Which buffer system works primarily in the intracellular fluid?
The phosphate buffer system
85
The pH of the extracellular fluid is maintained by what buffer system?
Bicarbonate buffer
86
Is the bronchus or the bronchiole bigger?
Bronchus
87
What contain contractile vacuoles?
Protozoans and sponges
88
What do the bacteria in the large intestines produce?
Vitamin K
89
Hey sperm cells unable to fertilize oocytes upon immediate ejaculation, what process must occur first?
Capacitation
90
Waste product of aquatic animals?
Ammonia
91
What contain malphighian tubules?
Insects
92
What protein is associated with flagellum?
Dynein
93
Is dynein involved in chromosomal movement?
Yes
94
What does the cytoskeleton consist of?
Microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments
95
Do you prokaryotes or eukaryotes contain a cytoskeleton?
Both
96
What are Cilia and flagella made from?
Microtubules
97
Cilia would be most affected by a drug the causes destruction of what?
Microtubules
98
What is the U-shaped embryological structure?
Gastrula
99
How many days after fertilization does the gastrula form?
14 days
100
Acid hydrolases are contained and what cellular organelle?
Lysosome
101
What type of curve is the myoglobin saturation curve?
Hyperbolic
102
What type of curve is the hemoglobin saturation curve?
Sigmoidal
103
What is the Bohr affect?
At a low pH hemoglobin unloads oxygen
104
What is the function of the sub coetaneous layer?
Cushioning and insulation
105
True or false, epidermis has no blood supply.
True
106
What is the outermost layer of the epidermis?
Stratum corneum
107
What is the innermost layer of the epidermis?
Stratum germinativum
108
An organism with a high metabolic rate will have a high or low hemoglobin saturation?
Low hemoglobin saturation
109
Determining cleavage is characteristic of?
Protostomes including mollusk, annelids, and arthropod
110
In protostomes, the blastopore forms the?
Mouth
111
In deuterstomes the blastopore forms the?
Anus
112
What type of immunity results from vaccination?
Active immunity that is artificially acquired
113
What type of immunity results when a pregnant mother and transfers antibodies across the placenta?
Passive immunity that is naturally acquired
114
Give an example of passive immunity that is artificially acquired?
In the case of rabies a person is treated by injecting antibodies from a person who has already been vaccinated
115
Is the lipid bilayer symmetric?
No
116
What model is used to describe the cell membrane?
The fluid Mosaic model
117
Can inter membrane proteins move from one face of the bilayer to the other?
No
118
Can inter-membrane proteins move laterally in the cell membrane?
Yes
119
When does crossing over occur?
Prophase one of meiosis
120
The theory of acquired characteristics is associated with who?
Lamark
121
What is their oxygen in the earths early atmosphere?
No
122
What were the first cells?
Anaerobic heterotrophic prokaryotes
123
What is the function of desmosomes?
Holding adjacent cells together
124
Memory cells are involved with what type of an immune response?
Secondary immune response
125
Monoclonal antibody's consist of?
B lymphocytes fused with myeloma cells
126
Is Down syndrome autosomal?
Yes
127
True or false? The frequency of down syndrome birds dramatically increases as the age of a mother increases.
True
128
What protein makes skin waterproof?
Keratin
129
Characteristic of Keratin that can make it hard?
Disulfide bridges
130
What type of disorder is PKU?
Autosomal recessive
131
What type of disorder is sickle cell anemia?
Autosomal recessive
132
Spindle microtubules attach to what part of a chromosome?
Kinetochores
133
What is progesterone derived from?
Cholesterol
134
What affect does progesterone have her on sperm?
It aids in sperm motility and increases the likelihood of fertilization
135
What does progesterone inhibit in women during pregnancy?
Lactation
