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Immuno-Sero LAB > Detection of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen by Chromatographic Assay > Flashcards

Detection of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen by Chromatographic Assay Flashcards

1
Q

Viral Hepatitis

A

• Inflammation of the liver
• The most common liver disease

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2
Q

Viral hepatitis

Causative agent:
• Primary hepatitis viruses:
• Secondary hepatitis viruses:

A

A, B, C, D and E

EBV, CMV, and herpesvirus

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3
Q

Hepatitis A aka

A

Infectious Hepatitis

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4
Q

Nonenveloped, single-stranded RNA virus.

Belongs to the Hepatovirus genus of the PicoRNAviridae family.

A

Hepatitis A

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5
Q

Hepatitis A

Belongs to the_______ genus of the_______ family.

A

Hepatovirus genus

PicoRNAviridae family

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6
Q

Hepatitis A

Transmission:
Primary route:

A

Fecal-oral

Ingestion of contaminated food or water

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7
Q

Hepatitis A

Factors: (3)
• Rare cases through ______during acute infection with high viral load.

A

Poor hygiene, poor sanitation, and overcrowding

blood transfusion

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8
Q

Factors:
Poor hygiene, poor sanitation, and overcrowding.

• Rare cases through blood transfusion during acute infection with high viral load.

A

Hepatitis A

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9
Q

• Shed in feces during incubation and early acute stages but decline after symptoms appear.

A

Hepatitis A (HAV) antigens

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10
Q

Hepatitis A

Serological Tests: (2)

A

• ELISA
• Chemiluminescence Immunoassay

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11
Q

: Based on the presence of IgM antibodies to HAV.

IgM is detectable at symptom onset and declines within 6 months.

A

Acute Hepatitis A Diagnosis

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12
Q

Acute Hepatitis A Diagnosis:

: Based on the presence of_____ antibodies to HAV.

IgM is detectable at symptom onset and declines within____ months.

A

IgM

6 months

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13
Q

Hepatitis C (Non-A Non-B Hepatitis)

•_____ virus from the______
family.

A

RNA

Flaviviridae

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14
Q

• RNA virus from the Flaviviridae family.

A

Hepatitis C (Non-A Non-B Hepatitis)

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15
Q

(Non-A Non-B Hepatitis)

A

Hepatitis C

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16
Q

Hepatitis C

• Transmission: (3)

A

Parenteral, sexual, and perinatal routes.

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17
Q

85% of cases progress to chronic infection.

A

Hepatitis C

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18
Q

Hepatitis C

• Complications: (3)

A

Cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and autoimmune issues.

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19
Q

Hepatitis C

Diagnosis:

A

Anti HCV - Hepatitis C antibody test
HCV RNA - Hepatitis C virus ribonucleic acid

Genotyping

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20
Q

Hepatitis C

Diagnosis:

: Indicates past or current infection.

: Confirms current infection and monitors treatment effectiveness.

is critical for determining treatment strategies.

A

Anti-HCV

HCV RNA

Genotyping

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21
Q

Hepatitis C (HCV) Transmission:

A

Exposure to contaminated blood.

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22
Q

Hepatitis C

• Main source:____

•_______ (before routine HCV screening in 1992).
•_______ (before 1992).

A

Intravenous drug use

Blood transfusion

Organ transplantation

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23
Q

HCV

• Other risk factors: (3)

A

• Occupational exposure to contaminated blood.
• Long-term hemodialysis.
• Unregulated body piercing or tattooing, particularly in correctional facilities

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24
Q

• Major cause of Post-transfusion Hepatitis

A

Hepatitis C

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25
Hepatitis D aka
Delta Hepatitis
26
Hepatitis D (HDV): • Also called ______ or _______ • Requires ________for replication and expression. • Transmitted_______.
delta hepatitis or "viroidlike” Hepatitis B virus (HBV) parenterally
27
HDV Requires Hepatitis B virus (HBV) for ______ and _____
replication and expression
28
HDV Virus Characteristics: Defective virus in the______ genus. _________genome. Contains a single structural protein,___________.
Deltavirus Circular RNA genome hepatitis delta antigen
29
Genome of HDV
Circular RNA genome
30
• Enveloped by HBV-derived material, including HBsAg.
HDV
31
HDV • Enveloped by HBV-derived material, including______.
HBsAg
32
Transmission of HDV (Similar to HBV) •_______: Via semen or vaginal secretions. •_______: Through intravenous drug use, needlestick injuries, or transfusions. •_______: From mother to infant.
Sexual Bloodborne Perinatal
33
HDV Infection Types: (2)
Co-infection Superinfection
34
HDV Infection Types: (2) • Co-infection: • Superinfection:
HDV and HBV are transmitted simultaneously. HDV infects individuals already chronically infected with HBV.
35
Nonenveloped, single-stranded RNA virus in the Hepevirus genus (HepEviridae family). Major global cause of hepatitis, with 20 million infections and 3.3 million acute cases annually. WHO reported approximately 44,000 deaths in 2015.
Hepatitis E Virus (HEV)
36
Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) • Nonenveloped, single-stranded RNA virus in the ________ genus of ______ family • Major global cause of hepatitis, with______ infections and ______acute cases annually. • WHO reported approximately_______ deaths in 2015.
Hepevirus genus (HepEviridae family). 20 million; 3.3 million 44,000
37
HEV Transmission: (2)
Fecal-oral route Person-to-person
38
HEV Transmission: (2) Primary route: Person-to-person transmission:
Fecal-oral (similar to HAV). Rare. Fatal in pregnant.
39
Detected in blood supplies in several countries. Can be transmitted via blood transfusions.
HEV
40
• complex deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) virus • family HepaDNAviridae
Hepatitis B Virus
41
Hepatitis B Virus • complex_______ virus • family_______
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) virus HepaDNAviridae
42
Hepatitis B Virus • Viral proteins of importance include the following:
envelope protein-HBsAg structural nucleocapsid core protein-hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) soluble nucleocapsid protein-hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)
43
Hepatitis B Infection aka
Serum Hepatitis
44
Hepatitis B Infection (Serum Hepatitis) Causative agent:
Hepatitis B virus
45
Birth to an infected pregnant person Contact with infected body fluids like blood, saliva, vaginal fluids and semen Blood transfusion
Hepatitis B Infection (Serum Hepatitis)
46
Hepatitis B Infection (Serum Hepatitis) Signs and symptoms (6)
yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice) dark urine feeling very tired nausea vomiting pain in the abdomen
47
HBV Prevention:
vaccine
48
HBV Lab test: ____________- screening ________ ___________- confirmatory
Immunochromatographic test RIA ELISA
49
initial detectable marker found in serum during the ***incubation period of HBV infection***
Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg)
50
Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) detectable _______ to______before clinical symptoms and_______ after infection present for_______
2 weeks to 2 months ; 2 weeks 2 to 3 months
51
+ indicates ***active HBV infection, acute or chronic***
Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg)
52
Active viral replication monitor a patient's response to HBV therapy
Hepatitis B related Antigen (HBeAg)
53
Hepatitis B related Antigen (HBeAg) indicates…
Active viral replication monitor a patient's response to HBV therapy
54
Hepatitis B core Antibody (Anti-HBc) ______: recent hepatitis B infection ______: Lifelong Marker ______: detected by liver biopsy
IgM IgG HBcAg
55
identification of a person recently recovered from an HBV infection who may still be infectious Reliable marker during window period
Hepatitis B core Antibody (Anti-HBc)
56
Anti-Hbe indicates…
+ convalescent phase
57
Anti-HBs indicates…
marker of ***recovery and immunity***
58
HBsAg (+)
Early (asymptomatic) Acute or chronic
59
Anti-HIBs (+)
Acute or chronic Long after infection Immunized with HBsAg
60
Anti-HBc (+)
Acute or chronic Low-level carrier Immediate recovery Long after infection
61
Anti-HBc (IgM) - (+)
Acute or Chronic Immediate recovery

Immuno-Sero LAB (16 decks)

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