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PSY1102 > Development > Flashcards

Development Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

teratogens ******

A

environmental agents that negatively impact human development during pregnancy
(ex. shorten arms, and legs)
and cognitive functioning (ex. attention, intelligence)

alcohol, drugs, smoking, meds.

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2
Q

beginning of human development ******

A

successful margin of a sperm and an egg

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3
Q

conception******

A

the sperm meets the egg at the fallopian tubes,
penetrates the eff
forms a zygote

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4
Q

how pregnancy works ******

A

ovulation = egg is released from a woman’s two ovaries
egg travels through fallopian tube to uterus
uterus has thick lining in preperation of implantation
if fertilization not occurred = lining is shed

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5
Q

period of the zygote

A

once egg is fertilized,
**rapid cell division phase*
ball divides exponentlaially and centre becomes hollow = blastocyst
travels into uterus and embeds itself in thickened wall of uterus

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6
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

fert egg implants in fallopian tube
pregnant women and zygote are at risk
bc uterus is a muscle that can expand and contract (for baby to grow and to be pushed out)

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7
Q

Twinning

A

identical twins = monozygotic twins = one Fert egg divided into two, so two zygotes w almost identical genetic info

fraternal twins = dizygotic twins = 2 eggs are released during ovulation, then are Fert by 2 diff sperms.

they share no more genetic similarity than 2 siblings s

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8
Q

period of embryo

A

starts after fort egg implants (2-8 weeks) itself into the uterus
major developmental advances (of organs and systems in body)
embryo has a human appearence

changes happen bc of
cephalocaudal = changes hapen to brain and head before extremeities

proximodistal prcinple of development = significant development occur first at centrally located features like heart and lungs rather than hands or fingers.

at the end of the period of the embryo = all major body structures are formed,
embryo can’t survive outside alone

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9
Q

period of the fetus ******

A

9 weeks to birth

finishing touches + significant growth

gains more weight + head goes down
brain development, develops bumps and grooves
can discriminate voices of mother vs not

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10
Q

Teratogens, more info

A

organism is fully dependent on pregnant person
health, diet, env, impact development (+ or -)

smoke, alcohol, virus, illnesses that can be transferred,

effects depends on dose, timing and cumulative effects of many teratogens

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11
Q

example of teratogens

A

alcohols, thalidomide (med for preg people), zika, covid

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12
Q

Cognitive development

A

how the brain develops and how we gain cognitive skills
info processing, problem solving, language, learning,

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13
Q

stages of cognitive development

A

sensorimotor
preoperational
concrete operational
formal operational

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14
Q

sensorimotor

A

0-2
babies using muscles and sensory capabilities to explore the world
lacking object permanence = out of sight out of mind

feedback loops = grabbing a block and bringing to most

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15
Q

primary circular reactions

A

engage In repeated actions on their own bodies
routinely suck diff parts fo their bodies
learn fingers are easier to suck than pals

primary = focused on infants own body
circular = engage in behaviours reptiticley

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16
Q

secondary circular reactions

A

repeated actions on objects outside their own bodies.
dropping toys off the side of high chats

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17
Q

object permanence

A

do not realize objects exist when cannot be seen
if drop a toy, wont look for it, it no longer exists.

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18
Q

tertiary circular reactions

A

little scientists
band on different objects with their hands to hear various sounds that results

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19
Q

mental representation

A

they remember what they have observed others doing and may start to act in a similar way.

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20
Q

preoperational

A

2-7
before being able to make mental operations
preconceptual + intuitive thinking

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21
Q

symbolic thinking

A

they become better at using language to convey thoughts nad feelings,
pretend play

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22
Q

animism

A

ascribe life like properties to things that are not alive

to stuffies, fold,

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23
Q

egocentrism

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A

have trouble seeing things from others perspectives

24
Q

conservation

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A

don’t realize certain physical qualities of an object remain unchanged despite changing its appearence

2 diff glasses, clay in 2 diff shapes

25
concrete operational
can evaluate and make sense of what is currently happening but hypothetical situations are difficult learning is based on experience become aware of conservations
26
3 transformative principle
identity = transformations they observe dot alter medium in any meaningful way. ball up a piece of clay, then flatten it doesn't change the amount of clay bc none was taken out or put in compensation = imposed changes cancel each other out. if it gets taller, it gets narrower so the change cancels out. compared to a shorter but wider one. inversion = process imposed is reversible coins put far can be put close together again
27
formal operational
teens and up abstract and hypothetical reasonings can see different perspectives
28
social development
development of social skills
29
attachment
how we interact with primary caregivers as infants and w romantic partners as adults
30
imprinting
chicks following the first large moving object they saw after hatching, preferring over their own mother
31
3 attatchment classifications
securely attached insecure - resistant insecure - avoidant
32
securely attached
comfortabel w stranger if mother was there distressed when mother elft happy when she cam back
33
insecure resistant
clingy/resisted seperation from mother, holding on to moms clothing fearful of stranger when left alone went back to clingy when mother came back
34
insecure avoidant
minimal stranger anxiety when alone with stranger when mother returned, unaffected
35
disorganized attachments
extreme fear and dissociation wanting to approach mom while also moving away ex. moving away from mom with outstretched arms
36
adolescent egocentrism
thinks everyone is watching and thinking about them and their actions imaginary audience ( as stated above) + peronsla fable (teens think of themselves to be unique and invulnerable to risky situations
37
brain development in teens
immensely in adolecnes ex. frontal lobe = executive fns = what makes us humans = impulses, long term planning, decision making, switching tasks, working w info, mentally manipulating info not fully mature or developed in adolesnces many synapses are pruned, = more efficient neural processing, axons become myelinated, and connections using dopamine are strengthened = reward sense.
38
fluid intelligence
speed of processing and reasoning dec performance w old age
39
crystallized intelligence
vocabulary or other concrete into learned over time stable performance in old age
40
social clock
represents cultural norms about appropriate times for key life events (marrying, having kids, retiring)
41
emerging adultood
period of development ranging from late teens to mid 20s identity exploration, instability, self focus, exploring the possibilities for one's life.
42
attachment and marriage
secure/autonomous anxious/preoccupied avoidant/dismissive
43
secure/autonomous
comfortable and confident to be emotionally close tot others have a balance of closeness and independents
44
anxious/preoccupied
feel uncomfortable w independence need constant intamicty and closeness
45
avoidant/dismissive
fine without close emotional relationships often avoid relationships to avoid compromising their independence
46
eriksons 8 stages
8 stages of social development from birth to death
47
trust vs mistrust
= learn to trust parents and world around them vs = sense of mistrust
48
autonomy vs shame/doubt
= confident in abilities to make decisions and survive in this world vs = unable to make a decsisions for themselves
49
initiative vs guilt
develop sense of purpose nad initiative vs sense of guilt, see themselves as a nuisance to others
50
industry vs inferiority
confident that can achieve goals vs feel inferior, think they lack ability to reach their potential
51
identity vs role confusion
develop a true sense of self, identity and purpose confusion, dk where they fit into society
52
intimacy vs isolation
forge relationships feel isolated and lonely
53
generatively vs stagnation
they have a leaky in this world, sense of belonging to the "big picture" feel unfulfilled, not productive, stuck
54
ego integrity vs despair
I lived a good successful life my live was unproductive, depression, hopelessness, despair
55
cross sectional research
takes place at one time but cuts across all age groups at the same time ex. children of various ages are tested in the same study not for development w/in the same person over time
56
longitudinal research
studying development in the same person over time re testing the same person each couple of years.

PSY1102 (7 decks)

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