Stress

Question 1

good stress

Answer 1

beneficial for us
motivate us to work to acheibee goals
enhance out functioning

Question 2

bad stress

Answer 2

reduce motivation
impair functioning

Question 3

eustress

Answer 3

represents reactions to good stress
contrasted it w distress

experienced in response such as
= getting married, having kids, getting a promotion at work
confronted with manageable challenges

Question 4

distress

Answer 4

represents reactions to bad stress

experienced in response to situations to negative situations
= being victims to a crime, loss of a loved one, failing a test, having demands that are beyond your capacity to cope

Question 5

Yerkes Dodson law

Answer 5

inverted U shape curve fro relationships bn stress and perfomance
ie.
too little/too much stress = impairs performace
mediocre amount of stress = optimal performace

**a bell curve type relationship

Question 6

maximal adaptability model

Answer 6

a more updated model of stress and performance

emphasizes humans and other organisms are highly adaptive to stressors and can maintain high levels of performance even when experiencing underload/overload of demands from the env.

since achieving goals inevitably involves stress, its imp that we fn well despite the negative aspects of stress

Question 7

stress and coping theory

Answer 7

a theory of stress that emphasizes the importance of assessing both the demands of a stressor and the ressources available to deal with it in determining the outcomes of stressor exposure

Question 8

stressors

Answer 8

external circumstances and stimuli perceives as having the potential to disturb the imdv’s balanced state

mild (mistake in email or traffic) to severe (experiencing poverty or SA)

Question 9

stress respsone

Answer 9

internal integrated psychological components that involve thoughts, emotions and feedback from bodily systems

= “I wil get a really bad score on this test
= fear and anxiety
= increased bp, faster heart rate, sweaty palms

Question 10

acute stressors

Answer 10

short term external circumstances or stimuli,
minutes to hours
has potential to disturbs indv balanced state

15 min speech, important exam, sending a text to the wrong person

Question 11

chronic stressor

Answer 11

enduring external circumstances or stimuli
weeks to years

living in poverty, racism, discrimination,

Question 12

traumatic stressors

Answer 12

most servere stressors
involve a threat to your own or another’s life of physical integrity

witnessing risks to life during war, SA, childhood abuse, natural disasters

Question 13

homeostasis

Answer 13

state when we are in balance

stressors move the scales, stress response = alerts that the scale is out of balance + reactions that restore balance

Question 14

alerts that scale is out of balance, ex.

Answer 14

thought, emotions, sensations in the body that inform us there is a risk of disturbance to our balances state

Question 15

reactions

Answer 15

psychological and biological responses designed to restore balance

Question 16

once the brain recognizes a stressor what are rapidly activated

Answer 16

autonomic NS and hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (HPA) axis

Question 17

ANS

Answer 17

one of the central stress response systmems, involved in reg E and NE responses to stressors,

2 major branches, sympathetic NS nad the parasympathetic NS

involved in eliciting cortisol responses to stressors

Question 18

HPA

Answer 18

one of the central stress response systems, involved in reg cortisol responses to stressors

Question 19

how the ANS works

Answer 19

2 major branches, sympathetic NS nad the parasympathetic NS

hypothalamus = central coordination centre of ANS
promotes activity in
SNS = activator
PSNS = regulator

activation = encourage E and NE from adrenal glands
= prepare for fight or flight response

PSNS = dampens F/F response + restore homeostasis

Question 20

F/F

Answer 20

the body response that allows humans and other animals to confront or glee from perceived stressors

Question 21

how the HPA works

Answer 21

cascade of activities
ultimately promote the release fo the stress hormone cortisol from the adrenal glands

amyglada signals the hypothalamus
H secretes corticotropin releasing hormones (CRH)
CRH signals a the pituitary gland to release andrenocortioctopic hormone (ACTH)
travels to adrenal glands = releases cortisol

Question 22

cortisol

Answer 22

fluctuate throughout the day
most used biological marker of stress response

exposed to acute stressor = inc in cortisol after 20 mind

largest cortisol response = uncontrollable acute stressors

Question 23

normal people cortisol levels
chronic stressors cortisol levels

Answer 23

normal = inc rapidly after wakening and decline throughout the day

chronic = lower levels of decline throughout the day

Question 24

why cortisol, what does it do

Answer 24

prepare CV, resp, and GI systems to deal w perceived stressors

CV = heart beats faster, bp inc,
allows us to run away from stressors and use bodies to fight off threat

resp = breathing quickens, take in more O2 to fuel the stress response
rise of O2 = fuels our brain = inc capacity

GI = activates F/F response = suppresses release of insulin by pancreas = glucose levels rise
digestion suppressed to direct E to other things

Question 25

freezing response

Answer 25

when prey are completely overcome by a predator instead of continuing efforts to fight or flee, they become mobile and unresponsive. humans engage in freeze in traumatic nad uncontrollable situation/stressors.

Question 26

reciprocal inhibition

Answer 26

SNS activates and PSNS regulates/inh. bc if stress response kept active indefinitely = harmful

Question 27

negative feedback loops

Answer 27

regulators if cortisol is released in response to a stress mobilizing glucose it also acts to shut down the HPA acts cortisol binds to receptors on the Hypothalamus and pituitary gland to reduce the secretion of CRH and ACTH

Question 28

effects of stressors on health

Answer 28

not all indv exposed to the same stressors have same outcomes some are more resilient some more vulnerable

Question 29

diathesis stress model

Answer 29

the theory that mental and physical disorders develop from a genetic or biological predisposition fro that illness combined with stressful condition that play a facilitating life. ie. some people show vulnerability to adverse effects of stressors bc of genetic/biological factors that put them at increased risk for negative outcomes.

Question 30

upside of diathesis

Answer 30

plasticity factor rather than a vulnerability factor plasticity = the extent to which people are sensitive to their env and are likely to benefit from a positive env and suffer in a negative enf. vulnerability = the extent to which people are likely to suffer negative consequences if they are exposed to a negative environment.

Question 31

increased risk is not determinism

Answer 31

the fact that stressors inc risk for ill health doesn't mean that everyone who experinves stressors develop poor health

Question 32

many of the disorders that are common in people exposed to stressors are are

Answer 32

even if risk doubled for someone exposed to a specific stressor their absolute risk remains low the probability of expericin it remains low.

Question 33

biological aging

Answer 33

complex phenomenon = not completely understoof

Question 34

disease of aging

Answer 34

as we get older, many cells become functionally impaired, can't divide = causes a host of physical disease = diseases of aging = CV and autoimmune + neutodegnerative disease.

Question 35

effects of stressors on diseases og agin

Answer 35

exposure to psychological stressors = accelerates biological alien process.

Question 36

telomere

Answer 36

DNA protein complex that cap chromosomes and protects damage to DNA telomeres shorten over time length of those in our immune cells predict risk of diseases and death. long = longer lifespan and more protection against diseases.

Question 37

inflammation

Answer 37

shortens telomeres. chronic inflammation = important mech of biological aging