development Flashcards
(31 cards)
What are the indicators of development?
Economic, Social, Political, Physical
Physical indicators include water supply, housing, power, heat.
Define GDP.
Gross domestic product, the monetary value of all goods and services provided within a country in a time period.
What does GNI stand for?
Gross national income.
How is GNI calculated?
GNI = GDP + net income from abroad.
What are economic indicators of improving quality of life?
- GDP
- GNI per capita
- Employment rates
- Industrialisation levels
What are social indicators of improving quality of life?
- Literacy rates
- Life expectancy
- Access to healthcare
- Quality of education
What are political indicators of improving quality of life?
- Stability of government
- Level of democracy
- Human rights
What does sustainable development mean?
Meeting present needs without damaging future generations.
What is the modernization theory?
All countries go through similar stages of development.
What is the dependency theory?
Resources go from developing countries to developed countries, maintaining inequality.
What does the human development index (HDI) measure?
Quality of life in countries based on life expectancy, mean age of schooling, expected years of schooling, gross national income.
List the stages of development.
- LDC - least developed country
- LEDC - less economically developed country
- NIC - newly industrialised country
- MEDC - more economically developed country
What is the development gap?
The disparity in development levels between different areas.
What are the economic causes of the development gap?
- Differences in industrialisation
- Access to resources
- Trade
What are the social causes of the development gap?
- Education levels
- Cultural attitudes
- Health issues
What does the Gini coefficient measure?
Income inequality within countries, ranging from 0 to 1.
In the cumulative causation model, what is a positive feedback loop?
Economic growth leads to further growth and development.
What are core regions characterized by?
- High GDP and GNI per capita
- Advanced technology
- Strong education and literacy rates
What are periphery regions characterized by?
- Low GDP and GNI per capita
- Limited access to technology and education
- Poor infrastructure
What are the four economic sectors?
- Primary
- Secondary
- Tertiary
- Quaternary
What is the primary economic sector?
Exploits raw materials from land, water, and air.
What is the secondary economic sector?
Manufactures materials into finished goods.
What is the tertiary economic sector?
Provides services to business people.
What is the quaternary economic sector?
Uses high technology to provide information and expertise.
