Development Flashcards
(23 cards)
Industry types
Primary - using natural resources eg. farming
Secondary - making it eg. manufacture
Tertiary - providing a service eg. teacher
Quaternary - Research and development eg. software developer
Definition of Standard of living
How well off a person or country is focusing purely on the economy
Definition of Quality of life
A measure of how happy and content people are with their lives
HDI
A statistic used to rank countries by level of ‘human development’
Physical factors causing a development gap
Landlocked countries Lack of natural resources Natural Hazards Lack of access to safe drinking water Inhospitable climate
Economic factors causing a development gap
Unfair trade Over reliance on farming Growth of MNCs Lack of technology In debt to other countries
Political factors causing a development gap
Internal instability
Corruption
Cultural factors causing a development gap
Indigenous tribes choosing traditional ways of life
Some societies don’t see the value in material goods
Historical Factors causing a development gap
Former colonies were left in turmoil after given independence eg. India
Causes of changes over time
Rising costs Transport Technology Competition Outsourcing
Outsourcing
Saves money as work is sent elsewhere where it can be done for cheaper
Technology
Advances in ICT means more work from home
Transport
Makes corrupting & migrating easier because there are fewer barriers to travel
Competition
Fewer people are needed to work now eg. banking uses ICT
Rising costs
As wage increases it means costs go up in MEDCs so work moves elsewhere eg. manufacturing
Location factors for different industries
Raw materials Transport links Capital Government policy Energy supply Environment Labour (skilled/cheap) Topography
Definition of Globalisation
Worldwide interconnectedness & interdependence
Reasons for Globalistion
International trade links
Development of MNCs Companies working in NICs
Government support
Free trade system
Improved technology
Easier transport links
Flexible migration of migration of workers
Primary decrease over time
Improvements in tech leads to more machines replacing workers
Raw materials becoming cheaper to import
Jobs with fewer career prospects
Secondary decrease over time
Technology replacing workers
Cheap labour in other countries
Tertiary increase over time
Aspirations increase
Urban population increase
Positives of MNCs in LEDCs
Employment
Higher wages
Improved skills of local population
Leads it local businesses developing with newly skilled workforce
Improved trading position
More tax ➡️ GDP increase ➡️ spent on health, education etc.
Negatives of MNCs in LEDCs
Clash of cultures
No job security
MMCs influencing political decisions
Environmental impacts (CO2 emissions from transporting goods to MEDCs to be sold)
