Development Flashcards
Define food security
Food security: When all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life.
Define water security
Water security: The capacity of a population to safeguard sustainable access to adequate quantities of acceptable quality water.
What are the four things measured in HDI
Life expectancy at birth
Gross National Income (GNI) per capita (US$PPP)
Mean years of schooling for adults aged 25 years
Expected years of schooling for children of school-entering age
What is the range of score that can be received with the HDI
0-1
What are the different categories for HDI
Very high = developed
High = emerging
Medium = emerging
Low = developing
Define development
An improvement in the quality of life for the population of a country
What are the aspects of development
Economic Social Cultural Political Technology
Describe the distribution of development in the world
The majority of highly developed countries are in the Global North. Many of these highly developed countries are found in western and northern Europe (e.g. UK, France), North America (USA and Canada) and Oceania (e.g. New Zealand). Countries with a medium level of development are largely found in south-east Asia, where emerging economies such as Singapore, the Phillippines are located. The least developed countries in the world are mainly in Sub-Saharan Africa e.g. Chad, Mali, Burkina Faso.
There is no data provided for North Korea, Somalia and Eritrea. This may be due to political corruption or war, indicators of low human development.
Define economic development
An increase in the country’s wealth
Define political development
A number of changes relating to the political systems and freedom are in a place
Define social development
A number of changes that have a direct impact on the population’s quality of life
Define cultural development
A number of changes that involve better equality for people/groups based on their characteristics or categorise
Define infant mortality rate
The number of babies who do not survive to the age of 1 per 1,000 live births
Define life expectancy at birth
Age at birth a person is expected the life. This should rise as countries development
Define total fertility rate
the average number of children that would be born alive to a woman during her lifetime if she were to pass through her childbearing years conforming to the age-specific fertility rates of a given year.
What are the reasons for the development gap
○ Climate ○Colonies ○World trade ○Infrastructure ○Access to a body of water ○Natural hazards ○Stable government ○Trading partnerships ○Foreign investment ○Natural resources
How does demography impact global inequalities
The highest rates of economic growth are experienced by nations where BRs have declined the most
How does history impact global inequalities
Through colonialism European powers, such as the UK, expanded their territories around the world (and imposed unequal trading relationships involving exploitation of raw materials). The term ‘neo-colonialism is used to describe how wealthier countries can still dominate poorer countries (economically and politically)
How does political and economic policies impact global inequality
Open economies (e.g. UK) that encourage FDI developed faster than closed economies (e.g. Russia). Institutional quality in terms of good government, law ad order and lack of corruption results in higher rates of growth
How does social investment impact global inequality
Countries priorities investment in education & health has generally developed at a faster rate than nations which, have invested less. Counties develop, fertility declines. Education, especially female literacy is the key to lower fertility
How much of the world population “live in the dark”
1/5
How much of the world’s population do not have access to clean water
1/10
Define the primary sector
Employment involved with the extraction of raw materials
What are the advantages of the primary sector
Requires a low level of skill
Food production food security
Reduces imports
