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PSYCH 111 > Development Across the Lifespan > Flashcards

Development Across the Lifespan Flashcards

1
Q

three types of development

A

physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional

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2
Q

prenatal development

A

ovulation is hidden for humans, formation of fetus, and promotes pair bonding

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3
Q

periods of prenatal development

A

germinal (zygote), embryonic, fetal

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4
Q

zygote stage

A

fertilized egg, no one knows they are pregnant at this stage; conception - 2 weeks

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5
Q

embryonic/embryo stage

A

when cells specialize in the direction where they will become (ex. skin, muscle), body develops quickly during this stage

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6
Q

fetal/fetus stage

A

8 weeks and on, period of growth as everything is mostly developed

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7
Q

at what age can a baby can survive in the NICU

A

21 weeks

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8
Q

teratogens

A

measles, toxins, drugs; something to harm the baby

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9
Q

Rubella

A

cause vision problems, heart abnormalities, or cognitive deficits

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10
Q

Toxoplasmosis

A

damage to the brain, hydrocephalus; exposure to cat feces causes this

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11
Q

Herpes

A

chicken pox; can cause damage to the nervous system

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12
Q

DES impact on fetus

A

Prescribed to prevent spontaneous abortion by the body but instead caused cervical/testicular cancer in the children as well as malformed cervices (could rarely conceive)

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13
Q

Aspirin impact on fetus

A

associated with heart defects, blood thinner (dangerous for birth)

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14
Q

Caffeine impact on fetus

A

Embryos don’t have the ability to metabolize it so while mothers have it in their systems for 5-6 hours, embryos have it for days; causes faster heart rate, sleep disturbances

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15
Q

Cocaine impact on fetus

A

digestive system abnormalities, shorter gestation periods, risk for stroke

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16
Q

alcohol impact on fetus

A

fetal alcohol spectrum, damages every system it touches, smaller brain, changes in the face (wide eyes, flat face, tipped ears)

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17
Q

cigarettes impact on fetus

A

damages placenta and ability for oxygen exchange, short gestation period, risk for SIDS, prone to childhood cancers

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18
Q

two psychological approaches to birth

A

healthy normal event and medical problem

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19
Q

healthy normal event

A

something people have done for thousands of generations; smooth birth

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20
Q

medical problem

A

sickness or injury that must be treated at/during birth

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21
Q

obstetricians

A

common in America, surgically trained in a hospital, high intervention rate, not mother-centered

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22
Q

midwives

A

common in other cultures, low-risk, home birth, person/mother-centered approach

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23
Q

certified nurse midwives

A

hospital births, person-centered approach, low intervention rate but has access to surgery and drugs

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24
Q

infertility issues for safety of drugs

A

drugs that increase egg release at ovulation, cause reproductive cancers as well as more harm due to multiple babies per birth

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25
infertility issues for high rate of multiple births
every additional fetus takes off 2 1/2 weeks of gestation, risks: underdeveloped lungs in premature births --> brain problems
26
how many births are twins
1 in 100
27
infertility issues for ethical issues
having more than one baby at once causes danger to all parties involved, feel as though the industry is preying on people due to spending money on IVF and not birth care
28
psychologist who produced cupboard theories of attachment
freud
29
Cupboard Theories of Attachment: Freud
babies attach to mothers since they feed them
30
Cupboard Theories of Attachment: Behaviorism
goes hand in hand with freud; classical condition where baby is fed in a warm and safe state in which they remember which causes attachment
31
harlow's work with monkeys
showed primates need touch and comfort, craved a soft "mother" than the "mother" that had wires but also food
32
container culture
babies don't touch us when we carry them anymore
33
kangaroo care
when premature babies are given the opportunity to be touched, mothers give them skin-to-skin contact which actually improved their condition
34
paper and pencil tests
not effective as: 1. want to look like good parents, so they answer in ways that make them look so 2. Want to answer the right way 3. Parents aren’t the best observers of babies
35
the stranger situation was produced by
ainsworth
36
the stranger situation
developed attachment patterns, observed a baby in an environment where their parent left them and a stranger came in and repeated this process, observed social referencing
37
social referencing
babies look to parents to see what they do is ok, can be used to parents when babies fall and parent’s reaction impacts babies’ behavior/their own reaction (ex. when a baby falls, if the parent isn't sad the baby isn't either)
38
attachment patterns
secure, avoidant, resistant, disorganized/disoriented
39
secure
check in with their parent a lot, feel safe when they are around, most prominent type
40
avoidant
disordered attachment, don't show social referencing; daycare situation: child is more out of it when waiting for parents to get back, when they do they are fine
41
resistant
hard to settle, resist attachment although they may want it and always seem stressed
42
disorganized
predicts most problems in development, frozen posture
43
Skeels: longitudinal study of early deprivation
tested baby IQ's in orphanage, sent some with low IQ's to adult facilities (thought they weren't malleable), babies did better there as they had more attention than back at the orphanage
44
spitz: "failure-to-thrive"
nothing physically wrong but missed social cues
45
harlow's work with monkeys caused babies to
rocking, self-harm, and disturbing behavior
46
Piaget
father of cognitive development, studied babies and children his entire life
47
assimilation
take the things we know and fit new things into what we know (ex. Knew what a cat was so thought everything with two eyes was a cat, had a blue ford so any blue cars were also fords)
48
accommodation
if it won’t fit, we change what we know, reorganize thought structures (ex. Change your way of studying for quizzes)
49
schemes
thought that underlies an action for babies, intuitive rather than logical
50
operations
logical schemes and actions
51
sensorimotor
birth-2 yrs; establish representation, egocentric
52
preoperational
can't do the three mountain tests or conservation, think intuitively
53
concrete operational
can do the three mountain test and conservation, reason logically but not abstract
54
formal operational
can reason abstractly
55
freud phallic period
oedipus conflict (boys) and electra conflict (girls) about sexually attracted to opposite gender parent
56
moral reasoning (piaget)
focused on outcome, not intention (cookie and breaking cups example)
57
moral of reciprocity
understand intention, not sure that parents don't know what they are thinking
58
3 main levels of kohlberg's stages
pre-conventional, conventional, post-conventional
59
punishment obedience orientation
behave morally only because you may get punished (go to jail)
60
market place orientation
this for that (clean room for cookie), focus on outcome
61
good boy/girl
concerned what others (especially parents) think
62
social order
focuses on rules, very strict/no leeway
63
social contract
focused on rules but more flexible
64
universal ethical (principled)
internalize own set of beliefs
65
pre-conventional
punishment obedience and market place orientation
66
conventional
good boy/girl and social order
67
post-conventional
social contract and universal ethical

PSYCH 111 (13 decks)

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