Development and Anatomy of Primary Dentition (Lecture 5) Flashcards by J L

What is the primary dentition?
§ Dentition before the eruption of _____
§ What else are the primary teeth called?
§ _____ (comes from a Latin word “deciduus” which means fall off) teeth
§ Baby teeth
§ _____ teeth

§ When do primary teeth emerge in the mouth?
§ Between the ages of _____

permanent teeth
deciduous
milk
6 months and 2 years

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Humans are _______

diphyodont, have two sets of teeth

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Although replaced by the succedaneous teeth, primary teeth play a very important role for the proper _______ and _______ of the permanent teeth

position

occlusion

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How many are the primary teeth?
§ Twenty (20)
§10 maxillary and 10mandibular teeth
§ In each arch: 
§ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ incisors
§ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cuspids (canines)
§ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ molars

4
2
4

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Primary Dentition

§ No _______
§ Primary molars are replaced by _______
§ Permanent molars have no _______ and erupt _______ to primary molars

primary premolars
premolars
predecessors
distal

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Palmer vs. Federation Dentaire International Numbering System

L shaped dictates location for palmer

quadrants dictate dentaire (1-4 for permanent, 5-7 for primary, then 51 etc.)

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When does the development of primary teeth start?
_______ weeks in ____

When does calcification of the primary teeth start?
____ in utero

How much of the crown of primary teeth has formed at birth?
____ (approximately)

By when the enamel formation has been completed for all primary teeth?
By ____ of age

6-8 weeks, utero
14-20th week
1/2-5/6
12 months

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Stages of development (eruption) of the dentition
Birth - 6 months: \_\_\_
6 months - 2.5 years: \_\_\_
2.5 years - 6 years: \_\_\_\_
6 - 12 years: \_\_\_\_\_
> 12 years: \_\_\_\_\_

edentulous arches
eruption of primary teeth
full primary dentition
mixed dentition
permanent dentition

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Birth -6 months of age
___ usually visible at birth
What is an exception?
___ or ___ teeth

no teeth
natal -> present at birth
neonatal -> erupt 30 days of birth

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Natal and Neonatal Teeth
q  Natal teeth
q  \_\_\_ at birth
q  Neonatal teeth
q  Erupt within \_\_\_ after birth
q  May be \_\_\_ teeth
q  More likely early eruption of \_\_\_
q  Unknown why they occur; superficial position of the tooth germ, associated with a \_\_\_

present
30days
extra
primary teeth (85%)
hereditary factor

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When does the eruption of the primary teeth start? Which is the first primary teeth to erupt?Does eruption of primary teeth happen earlier in boys or girls?

§ ___ of age -> First primary tooth erupts
§ ___
§ Boys and girls have similar eruption times for ___ (in contrast to ___ teeth: girls do erupt their permanent teeth ___ than boys)

6-10 months
mandibular central incisor
primary
permanent
earlier

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Calcification of roots normally is completed by age ___- Active eruption occurs when ___ of the root is formed - Usually erupt in ___

3-4 years
2/3
erupts

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7+4

Explain

7 months is starting point
11 months = 4 erupted teeth
15 months = 8 erupted
19 months = 12 erupted
23 months = 16 erupted
27 months = 20 erupted

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Sequence of Eruption of Primary Teeth
___ before maxillary
§ ___ to back except ___ before canine

mandibular
front
1st primary molar

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3 years

§ Primary teeth in ___

occlusion

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3 1⁄2 years

§ All primary teeth in ___ and ___ completed

occlusion

roots

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Spacing in primary dentition
§ ___ spacing
§ interdental spacing mostly in the ___ area of the mouth

§ Primate spacing
§ Distal to the ___
§ Distal to upper ___
§ ___ (than the rest of interdental) spaces

generalized
anterior

lower primary canine
primary lateral incisor
wider

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Primate Spaces
• Naturally occurring spaces in the primary dentition
• Maxillary: between the ___ and ___
• Mandibular: between the ___ and ___

lateral
canine
canine
molar

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§ SPACED
§ ___ of primary dentitions: spaced
§ ___ of primary dentition: non spaced
§ Once established, arches ___ spaced or non- spaced over the course of primary dentition

2/3
1/3
remain

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Does primary spacing affects crowding outcome into the permanent dentition?
Spacing >= 6mm = \_\_\_
Spacing 3-6 mm = \_\_\_
Spacing < 3 mm = \_\_\_
No spacing = \_\_\_
Crowded primary = \_\_\_

no crowding
20% crowding
50% crowding
66% crowding
100% with incisor crowding

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Molar relationship
§ Defined by the mesiodistal relation between the \_\_\_ surfaces of the upper and lower \_\_\_ (terminal plane)
§ 3 types
§ \_\_\_ terminal plane 
§ \_\_\_ step terminal plane 
§ \_\_\_ step terminal plane

distal
second primary molars
flush
mesial
distal

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Flush terminal plane

§ The upper and lower distal surface of the second primary molars are in the ___ plane

same vertical

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Mesial step terminal place
§ Distal surface of the lower second primary molar is more ___ to the ___ surface of the upper second primary molar
Step is defined by ___

mesial
distal
mandibular primary molar

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Distal step terminal plane

§ Distal surface of the lower second primary molar is more ___ to the ___ surface of the upper second primary molar

distal

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Canine (cuspid) Relationship § Mesial stepà___ § Distal stepà___ § Excessive mesial stepà___ § Class I: the tip of the max primary canine is in the ___ as the distal surface of the mandibular primary canine § Class II: the tip of the max. primary canine is ___ to distal surface of the mandibular primary canine § Class III: the tip of the max. primary canine is ___ to the distal surface of the mandidbular primary canine

``` class I class II class III same plane mesial distal ```

``` Overjet and Overbite § Ideal § Overjet: ___ § Overbite: ___ § ___ in primary dentition § may indicate ___ § ___ or open bite § may be evidence for a habit i.e., ___ ```

``` 0-4mm 10-40% excessive overbite skeletal malocclusion excessive overjet thumbsucking ```

Can we predict the size of the permanent dentition from the size of the primary teeth? § Correlation coefficient (r) values between size of the primary and permanent teeth range from r= ___ § There is little if any about primary dentition size that predicts ___ § Correlation coefficients of r= ___ or higherare required to make predictions for theindividual patient at chairside

0.2-0.6 permanent dentition size 0.8

Primary Dentition vs. Perm Dentition Crowns of ___ teeth u ___ width is close to, or greater than, the ___ length dimension n Roots of primary anterior teeth are ___ and ___ in relation to their crowns

``` primary anterior mesiodistal (MD) incisalgingival (IG) narrower longer ```

§ Roots of primary molars are relatively ___, more ___ and flare ___ than the permanent counter parts § Why are the roots of the primary molars more flare than those of the permanent teeth?

longer slender more make room for the growing permanent tooth bud

Cervical ridges (___) of the primary anterior teeth and posterior teeth are more ___ than those of the permanent

buccally | prominent

___ and ___ surfaces of primary molars are flatter in the ___ and ___ and have narrower occlusal surfaces

buccal lingual middle occlusal 1/3rds

Primary teeth are usually are ____

whiter

C, The pulpal horns are higher in ____, especially the ____ horns, and pulp chambers are proportionately ____E, The enamel rods at the cervix slope ____ instead of gingivally as in the ____ F, The primary molars have a markedly ____ compared with the permanent molars

primary molars mesial larger occlusally permanent teeth constricted neck

Primary Maxillary Central Incisor q The crown q is ____ mesiodistally (MD) than it incisocervically q The only incisor with ____ > crown height q The ____ edge is more rounded than the mesio-incisal edge q is convex in the ____ dimension q Lingually, has mesial and distal marginal ridges, a ____ and a cingulum q The root is ____

``` wider MD breadth distoincisal mesiodistal lingual fossa conical-shaped ```

Primary Maxillary Central Incisor | § The ____ width of the facial of the maxillary central incisor is greater than the ____ length

mesiodistal | inciso-cervical

Primary Maxillary Lateral Incisor q In relation to the primary maxillary central incisor the crown of the primary maxillary lateral incisor: q is much ____ both mesio-distally and incisocervically q has a greater dimension ____ than mesio-distally q the ____ is more rounded q lingually the marginal ridges are moreprominent, making the lingual fossa ____ q The root of the primary maxillary lateral incisor is ____ than the root of the maxillary central incisor

``` smaller incisocervically distal incisal angle deeper longer ```

Maxillary Primary Lateral Incisor | § The maxillary lateral is not as wide ____ as the maxillary central

mesiodistally

Primary Mandibular Central Incisor § The crown of the primary mandibular central incisor is § ____ than the primary maxillary central incisor § Has ____ mesial- incisal and distal-incisal angles § Incisal edge is ____ § The lingual surface is smooth making the ____ and ____ indistinct and the lingual fossa shallow. § The root is ____, slender and long

``` smaller 90 degree horizontal marginal ridges cingulum single ```

Primary Mandibular Central Incisor | § The mandibular central incisor is ____ in relationship to the maxillary central incisor

smaller

Primary Mandibular Lateral Incisor § The crown of the primary mandibular lateral incisor is ____ than that of the primary mandibular central incisor § in both the ____ dimension and in the ____ dimensions § The ____ angle is more rounded than that of the mandibular central incisor § Lingually, the marginal ridges are more convex, making the lingual fossa ____ § The root is ____ and ____ than that of the mandibular central incisor

``` larger incisor-cervical mesio-distal disto-incisal deeper longer thicker ```

Primary Mandibular Lateral Incisor § The crown of the mandibular lateral incisor (2) has a longer ____ length than that of he primary mandibular central incisor (1) § The crown of the primary mandibular lateral incisor (2) is ____ mesio-distally than that of the the primary mandibular central incisor (1)

inciso-cervical | wider

Primary Mandibular Lateral Incisor § The mandibular lateral incisor (2) has a ____ root than the mandibular central incisor (1) § The disto-incisal angle of the mandibular lateral incisor (2) is more ____ than that of the mandibular central incisor (1)

longer | rounded

Primary Maxillary Canine § The crown of the primary maxillary canine is larger ____ than mesio-distally § The mesio-incisal cusp ridge has a greater slope than the disto- incisal, that is, the cusp tip is ____ located § The tooth is ____ facial- lingually than the incisors § Lingually, there is a ____lingual cingulum and lingual ridge. Mesio-lingual and disto- lingual fossa are present § The root is similar to the ____, except longer

``` inciso-cervically distally thicker prominent maxillary incisors ```

Primary Maxillary Canine § The cusp tip of the canine divides the incisal edge into the ____ cusp ridge and the ____ cusp ridge. The mesial cusp ridge is ____

mesial distal longer

Primary Maxillary Canine | § The root of the maxillary canine is ____ than the root of the ____ and ____.

longer maxillary lateral central

Primary Mandibular Canine § The ____ of the crown of the primary mandibular canine is ____ than the mesio-incisal--the opposite of the primary maxillary canine § The primary mandibular canine is ____ mesio-distally than the primary maxillary canine § The lingual features are ____ on the mandibular versus the maxillary § The root of the primary mandibular canine is more ____ than that of the primary maxillary canine

``` disto-incisal edge longer narrower less distinct tapered ```

Primary Mandibular Canine § The mandibular canine has essentially the same features and characteristics as the ____ (1), except on the mandibular canine the distal incisal edge is ____ than the mesial--the opposite of the maxillary

maxillary canine | longer

Primary Maxillary First Molar § Intermediate between a premolar and a molar § ____ primary molar § The ____ is greater than the occluso-cervical height § Usually three cusps are present, mesio-facial, disto-facial, and ____ § The lingual surface is ____ than the facial § There is an ____ on the occlusal § There are ____ roots--largest to smallest: ____, mesio-facial, disto-facial § Of the three pulp horns, the mesio-facial is the ____

``` smallest mesio-distal dimension lingual narrower oblique ridge three lingual largest ```

Primary Maxillary First Molar § The maxillary first molar is triangular in shape; with the facial mesio-distal dimension being ____ than the lingual § There is a prominent ____ connecting the mesio-buccal and lingual cusps.

larger | oblique ridge

Maxillary First Molar | § The three roots are the ____ (C), ____ (A), and the ____ (B).

mesio-facial disto-facial lingual

Primary Maxillary Second Molar § This tooth resembles the ____ § There are ____ cusps present: mesio-facial, disto-facial, mesio-lingual, distal-lingual, and ____ § An ____ extends from the disto- facial to the mesio-lingual cusp § It has the same groove and fossa pattern as the ____ § There is a ____ § There are ____ roots, from largest to smallest: lingual, mesio-facial, and disto- facial § There are usually three root canals, with the ____ being the most prominent

``` maxillary first permanent molar five cusp of carabelli oblique ridge first permanent molar lingual groove three mesio-facial pulp horn ```

Primary Maxillary Second Molar § The maxillary second molar is ____ in appearance. Note the the facial-lingual dimension is ____ than the mesial-distal one.

rhomboid | greater

Primary Maxillary Second Molar § The maxillary second molar (1) is ____ than the maxillary first molar (2). § Note the ____ shape to the second molar in comparison to the ____ shape of the first.

larger rhomboid triangular

``` Primary Maxillary Second Molar § The second molar has five cusps: § A: ____ § B: ____ § C: ____ § D: ____ § E: ____ ``` § There are three pits in the occlusal surface: § ____ § ____ § ____

``` mesio-facial mesio-lingual cusp of carabelli disto-lingual disto-facial ``` mesial pit central pit distal pit

Primary Maxillary Second Molar § Similar to all maxillary molars, both primary and permanent, the maxillary second primary molar has three roots: ____, ____, and ____

mesio-facial disto-facial lingual

Primary Maxillary Second Molar § The maxillary second molar has one ____ that corresponds to each cusp, and one ____ that corresponds to each root; Therefore it has ____ pulp horns and ____ root canals. § The longest pulp horn is the ____

``` pulp horn root canal five three mesio-facial ```

Primary Mandibular First MolarThis tooth doesn't resemble ____-It is ____ unto itself-There is a pronounced, ____ buccally at the ____

any other tooth unique bulbous enamel bulge mesial

Primary Mandibular First Molar § The crown is larger ____ than ____ § The ____ cusps are the mesio-facial, disto- facial, mesio-lingual, and distal-lingual; with the ____ cusps being the largest § A transverse ridge exists between the ____ and ____ cusps § There are three pits: the ____, the ____ and the ____ § The ____ is distinctive § Two roots, the mesial and distal, which arewider ____ than mesio-distally § The number of pulp horns correspond to the number of cusps (____), with the ____ being the largest § There may be two root canals in the ____ root

``` mesio-distally facial-lingually four mesial mesio-facial mesio-lingual mesial, distal, central mesial facial-lingually four mesio-facial mesial ```

Primary Mandibular First Molar § Because of the extreme occlusal convergence of the ____ surface, the occlusal table of the mandibular first molar is narrow ____

facial | facial-lingually

Primary Mandibular First Molar § In cross section the mandibular first molar presents a very prominent ____ at the cervical (A); a characteristic unique to this tooth.

facial bulge

Primary Mandibular First Molar § The tooth has four cusps: § ____§ ____§ ____§ ____§ The mesial aspect of the tooth is marked by a distinct ____, which runs across the tooth between the ____ and ____ cusps. § The tooth has three pits: § ____§ ____§ ____

``` mesio-facial mesio-lingual disto-facial disto-lingual transverse ridge mesio-facial, mesio-lingual mesial central distal ```

Primary Mandibular First Molar § Similar to ____ the mandibular first primary molar has two roots; a ____ and a ____. § The mesial and distal roots of the tooth are narrow and convex in the ____ directions (1), but broad ____ (2).

``` permanent molars mesial distal mesio-distal facio-lingual ```

Primary Mandibular First Molar § Corresponding the to number of cusps, the pulp chamber has ____ pulp horns § While the tooth has two roots, the ____ root (the larger of the two roots) has two root canals, which correspond to the two largest cusps the ____ and the ____.

four mesial mesio-facial mesio-lingual

Primary Mandibular Second Molar § The primary second primary molar closely resembles the ____ § Five cusps are present: ____, ____, ____, ____, and ____ § The ____ roots (mesial and distal) are ____ than those of the mandibular first primary molar § There are ____ pulp horns, and commonly ____ (sometimes four) root canals: mesio-facial, mesio- lingual and distal

``` permanent mandibular first molar mesio-facial, disto-facial, mesio-lingual, disto-lingual, distal two larger five three ```

Primary Mandibular Second Molar § Five cusps:§ A: ____§ B: ____§ C: ____§ D: ____§ E: ____ § Three pits: § ____ § ____§ ____

mesio-facial distal-facial distalmesio-lingual distal-lingual mesial pit central pit distal pit

Primary Mandibular Second Molar § ____ roots, a mesial and a distal § The roots are ____ to accommodate the developing succedaneous permanent tooth

two | flared

Primary Mandibular Second Molar § Corresponding to the cusps, the pulp chamber has five ____ § The tooth has either ____ or ____ root canals. The mesial root has ____ canals § The distal root may have ____ or ____ canals

``` pulp horns three four two one two ```

Development and Anatomy of Primary Dentition (Lecture 5) Flashcards

(67 cards)