Development and Disorders

Question 1

Developmental psychology

Answer 1

Examines physical, cognitive, and social development across a life span

Question 2

Zygote

Answer 2

A fertilized egg, enters a 2 week period of rapid cell division and becomes an embryo

Question 3

Embryo

Answer 3

Developing human organism from 2 weeks to 2 months

Question 4

Fetus

Answer 4

Developing human from a weeks to birth

Question 5

Teratogens

Answer 5

Chemicals or virus that can reach an embryo or fetus during prenatal stage and cause harm

Question 6

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 6

Physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by pregnancy drinking

Question 7

Habituation

Answer 7

Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation, as infants are repeatedly stimulated, their interests wane

Question 8

Maturation

Answer 8

What we are capable of and when, such as walking. Maturation can be prolonged but not accelerated

Question 9

Adolescence

Answer 9

The years spent from transitioning from child to adult

Question 10

Puberty

Answer 10

Sexual maturation

Question 11

Formal operations

Answer 11

Applying abstract ideas to the world

Question 12

Kohlberg’s moral ladder

Answer 12

1. Pre conventional: self interest, obey rules, avoid punishment, gain rewards
2. conventional: early adolescence, uphold laws, gain social approval
3. post conventional: adolescence and beyond, actions reflect beliefs

Question 13

Delay gratification

Answer 13

Declining small, immediate reward for longer, more drawn out rewards

Question 14

Erickson’s search for identity

Answer 14

Infancy: trust V. Mistrust
Toddlerhood: 1-3 autonomy V. Shame/doubt
Preschool:3-6 initiative V. Guilt
Elementary: 6- puberty competence V. Inferiority
Adolescence: teen-20 identity V. Role confusion
Young adult: 20-40 intimacy v isolation
Middle adult: 40-60 generality V. Stagnancy
Late adult:60-death integrity V. Despair

Question 15

Emerging adulthood

Answer 15

18-mid 20’s when adolescence are not fully dependent

Question 16

Menopause

Answer 16

The natural succession of menstration, ability to menstrate and reproduction

Question 17

Sandwich generation

Answer 17

Caring for parents and children simultaneously

Question 18

Social clock

Answer 18

Culturally preferred timings of marriage, parenting, and retirement

Question 19

Piagets cognitive development

Answer 19

Sensorimotor (birth - 2): learn through motor skills
Pre operational (2-6/7): too young to hold together ideas and go beyond
Concrete operational (7-11): grasp conservation and mentally change shape while conserving size
Formal operational stage (1-adolecence): ability to think abstractly

Question 20

Psychological disorders

Answer 20

Syndrome marked by clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion, and regulation or behavior

Question 21

Medical model

Answer 21

Concept that diseases have a physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and even cured through treatment

Question 22

Young adult

Answer 22

An upward trend, you know and see your possibility

Question 23

Middle adulthood

Answer 23

Some aspects of life are diminishing beginning at mid 20’s

Question 24

Old age

Answer 24

After 70’s stamina declines much more rapidly

Question 25

Fluid intelligence

Answer 25

New skills

Question 26

Crystalline intelligence

Answer 26

Wisdom

Question 27

3 d's

Answer 27

Disfunction, distress, deviant

Question 28

Anxiety disorder

Answer 28

Excessive apprehensiveness and maladaptive behaviors which attempt to reduce anxiety

Question 29

Generalized anxiety

Answer 29

Persistent, apprehensive, autonomic arousal with an inability to avoid those feelings

Question 30

Panic disorder

Answer 30

Intense, episodic dread without reason and no particular trigger

Question 31

Major depressive disorder

Answer 31

Two or more weeks with 5 or more symptoms one of which being loss of interest or depressed mood

Question 32

Mania

Answer 32

Hyper activity, wildly optimistic state with bad judgement

Question 33

Bipolar disorder

Answer 33

Alternation between hopelessness and mania

Question 34

Schizophrenia

Answer 34

Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, diminished or inappropriate emotional expression

Question 35

Psychotic disorder

Answer 35

Irrationality, distorted perception, loss of reality

Question 36

Chronic schizophrenia

Answer 36

Symptoms appear late in adolescence, episodes last longer and recovery is less likely

Question 37

Acute schizophrenia

Answer 37

Can happen at any time, usually because of trauma, recovery is usually possible

Question 38

Personality disorder

Answer 38

Inflexible, enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

Question 39

Positive symptoms

Answer 39

More common, hallucinations, odd speech, addition of behaviors

Question 40

Negative symptoms

Answer 40

Flat effect, ridged, absence of behaviors

Question 41

Catatonic

Answer 41

Paralyzed or stuck in a position or repetitive motion

Question 42

Emerging adulthood (18-25)

Answer 42

Newer idea in today's world

Question 43

Gottman's 4 horses of the apocalypse

Answer 43

1. Criticism 2. Contempt 3. Defensiveness 4. Stone walling

Question 44

Delusions

Answer 44

A false belief, often of persecuted or grandeur, accompany psychotic disorders frequently

Question 45

Negative mood triad

Answer 45

1. Stable/permanent 2. Global (everything is bad) 3. Internal focus Leads to depression

Question 46

Positive mood triad

Answer 46

1. Temporary 2. Specific 3. External focus Healthy coping