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Intro to Psych > Modules 16-24 > Flashcards

Modules 16-24 Flashcards

1
Q

Pupil

A

A hole in the eye

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2
Q

Lense

A

Changes and bends light

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3
Q

Retina

A

Receptor cell

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4
Q

Fovea

A

Central points of focus

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5
Q

Optic nerve

A

Carries nerve signals to brain

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6
Q

Iris

A

A muscle that lets in light

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7
Q

Cornea

A

Protects the eye and bends light

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8
Q

Blind spot

A

Where the optic nerve begins to twist and creates a blank

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9
Q

Sensation

A

Sensory receptors and nervous system receive stimuli

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10
Q

Sensory receptors

A

Nerve endings that respond to stimuli

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11
Q

Perception

A

Organizing sensory information and giving it meaning

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12
Q

Bottom up processing

A

Starts at the sensory receptors and works up to higher processing

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13
Q

Top down processing

A

Constructs perceptions based on previous experiences

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14
Q

Transduction

A

Converting one form of energy to another

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15
Q

Absolute threshold

A

The minimum stimulus energy needed to detect a particular stimuli 50% of the time

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16
Q

Signal detection theory

A

When we detect a faint stimuli amid other stimulation

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17
Q

Difference threshold

A

The minimum difference between 2 stimuli required for detection 50% of the time (just noticeable difference)

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18
Q

Weber’s law

A

To be perceived as different 2 stimuli must be differing at a constant minimum percent

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19
Q

Sensory adaption

A

Reminisced sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimuli

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20
Q

Schema

A

Forming concepts through experience

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21
Q

Psychophysics

A

The study of the relation between physical stimuli and psychology

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22
Q

Wave length

A

The distance between one wave peak to another

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23
Q

Amplitude

A

Waves height determined by its intensity

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24
Q

Rods

A

Secrecy black white and grey and are sensitive to movement

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25
Q

Cones

A

Concentrated at retina, used in daylight and detect color

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26
Q

Trichromatic theory

A

We have 3 color receptor cones

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27
Q

Parallel processing

A

Processing many stimuli at once

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28
Q

Gestalt

A

An organized whole

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29
Q

Figure

A

The main focus

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30
Q

Ground

A

The background or surrounding

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31
Q

Depth perception

A

The ability to see 2d objects in 3D

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32
Q

Binocular cues

A

A depth cue that uses both eyes

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33
Q

Monocular cues

A

Depth cues that use one eye

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34
Q

Retinal disparity

A

A cue for perceiving depth

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35
Q

Perceptual constancy

A

Perceiving objects as unchanging even as light images change

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36
Q

Color constancy

A

Perception of persistent color

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37
Q

Size constancy

A

Perceiving objects as unchanging in side despite their distance

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38
Q

Short wave length

A

High frequency and pitch

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39
Q

Long wavelength

A

Low frequency and pitch

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40
Q

Basilar membrane

A

A fluid pod with hairs

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41
Q

Middle ear

A

Contains the 3 bones the that vibrate in the cochlea

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42
Q

Cochlea

A

Coiled fluid filled tube

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43
Q

Inner ear

A

Contains cochlea semicircular canal and vestibule sac

44
Q

Sensioneural hearing loss

A

Damage to the cochlea receptor cells and nerves

45
Q

Conduction hearing loss

A

Damage to the mechanical systems of the ear

46
Q

Nocicepters

A

Sensory receptors that detect pain, temperature, and pressure

47
Q

Olfaction

A

Sense of smell

48
Q

Vestibular sense

A

Sense of balance

49
Q

Synthetesia

A

Combining 2 senses

50
Q

Parapsychology

A

Paranormal phenomena

51
Q

Learning

A

The process of acquiring through experience

52
Q

associative learning

A

Learning by linking 2 or more events

53
Q

Respondent behavior

A

Automatic response

54
Q

Operant behavior

A

Operate on environment and produce a consequence

55
Q

Cognitive learning

A

Acquisition of mental info by observing events or watching others

56
Q

Classical conditioning

A

Learning by linking 2 or more stimuli

57
Q

Neutral stimuli

A

A stimuli that elicits not response before conditioning

58
Q

Unconditioned response

A

An unlearned natural response to unconditioned stimuli

59
Q

Unconditioned stimulus

A

A condition that would not normally trigger an unconditioned response

60
Q

Conditioned response

A

A learned response to previously neutral stimulus

61
Q

Conditioned stimulus

A

Originally neutral stimulus that after association triggers a conditioned response

62
Q

Acquisition

A

The initial stage when when one links a neutral stimuli and unconditioned stimuli and they become conditioned

63
Q

law of effect

A

Favorable behaviors followed by positive consequences are more likey

64
Q

Reinforcer

A

Anything that strengthens a behavior

65
Q

Shaping

A

Using reinforcers to guide behavior

66
Q

Positive reinforcer

A

presenting something after a response to strengthen a behavior

67
Q

Negative reinforcer

A

increases behavior by stopping or reducing stimuli

68
Q

continuous reinforcement

A

reinforcement for every desired response

69
Q

fixed ratio schedule

A

enforcement to a response after a certain number of responses

70
Q

variable ratio schedule

A

reinforcement to a response after an unpredictable number of responses

71
Q

fixed variable ratio schedule

A

Reinforcing a response randomly

72
Q

Variable Interval ratio schedule

A

reinforcing a response at a random time

73
Q

Punishment

A

event that decreases the behavior that follows

74
Q

Positive

A

adding any stimuli

75
Q

negative

A

removing any stimuli

76
Q

Observational learning

A

learning associations from experience or observation

77
Q

cognitive map

A

Mental representation of the layout of an enviorment

78
Q

Latent Learning

A

learning that is not apparent until it is needed or rewarded

79
Q

recall

A

retrieving information (fill in the blank)

80
Q

Recognition

A

identifying information (multiple choice)

81
Q

relearning

A

learning quicker after time (final exam)

82
Q

encoding

A

getting information into the brain

83
Q

storage

A

retaining the information

84
Q

retrieval

A

Getting information back from long term

85
Q

parallel processing

A

Processing many stimuli at once

86
Q

Sensory memory

A

immediate brief recording of senses

87
Q

short term memory

A

holds a few items for a brief amount of time

88
Q

long term memory

A

limitless and permanent memory storage

89
Q

explicit memory

A

retention of facts and experiences we know

90
Q

implicit memory

A

retention of memory without conscious attention

91
Q

operant conditioning

A

behavior that operates on the environment producing reward or punishment

92
Q

Operant conditioning formula

A
  1. identify the target behavior
  2. is that behavior increased, decreased, strengthened, or weakened
  3. Was something added or removed
93
Q

semantic

A

explicit memory of facts

94
Q

episodic

A

explicit memory of personal experience

95
Q

memory consilidation

A

storage of a longterm memory

96
Q

flashbulb memory

A

a very clear and emotional memory

97
Q

long-term potentiation

A

an increased firing potential of a cell after repeated use

98
Q

encoding types

A
  1. visual
  2. organizational
  3. meaning
99
Q

anterograde amnesia

A

the inability to form new memories

100
Q

retrograde amnesia

A

the inability to retrieve information from the past

101
Q

retroactive interference

A

old info effecting the recall of new

102
Q

proactive interference

A

new info effecting the recall of old

103
Q

reconciliation

A

altering memories when we recall them

104
Q

priming

A

connecting something in your memory and linking it to the enviorment

105
Q

memory reconstruction

A

filtering and altering information to fill in missing gaps

106
Q

source amnesia

A

when a memory of something is told to you by someone else you begin to believe it

Intro to Psych (5 decks)

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