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Intro to Psych > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

(92 cards)

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1
Q

Critical Thinking

A

Evaluating evidence, sources, and assumptions

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2
Q

William Wundt

A

The father of psychology, opened the first lab in Germany in 1879, ball drop experiment to determine a new psychological phenomenon

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3
Q

Introspection

A

Personal thoughts and self reflection. Failed because people have differing levels of verbal and intelligence.

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4
Q

Structuralism

A

Used introspection to define the mind’s makeup

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5
Q

Functionalism

A

Focused on the mental processes and how they help humans to adapt, survive and flourish

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6
Q

The two main forces in psychology from 1920-1960

A

Behaviorism and Freudianism

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7
Q

humanistic psychology

A

talking through to access the best qualities of humans

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8
Q

Cognitive/neuroscience

A

Anatomy of the mind and psychological brain activity

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9
Q

Biopsychosocial Model

A

The 3 levels of analysis which give the most complete view of things

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10
Q

what are the 3 keys to scientific thinking

A

curiosity, skepticism, and humility

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11
Q

empirical approach

A

careful observation and testing

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12
Q

the first women in psychology

A

Mary whiton calkins and margaret floy walshborn

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13
Q

william b watson

A

changed psychology from the science of mental life to the science of observable behavior

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14
Q

Nature v Nurture

A

Nurture works on what nature provides.

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15
Q

Martin Selligan

A

Studied positive psychology

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16
Q

Wundt studied

A

Functionalism

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17
Q

Edward Titcher studied

A

structuralism

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18
Q

Hindsight bias

A

thinking you know something all along after learning the outcome

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19
Q

Over confidence

A

Being more confident than correct

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20
Q

precieving order

A

humans tend to make patterns that are not actually there

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21
Q

Theory

A

an explanation using using an integrated set of principles that organize observations and predict events

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22
Q

hypothesis

A

a testable prediction

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23
Q

Operational Definition

A

A carefully worded statement of a procedure/experiment

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24
Q

meta-analysis

A

a statistical procedure for analyzing results from multiple studies

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25
A useful theory can do what 3 things
organize observations, predict, and be replicated
26
case study
provides an in depth look at one person or group
27
naturalistic observation
observes and records behavior in naturally occurring situations without any manipulation or control
28
survey
self reported attitudes of a particular group through random sample
29
correlation
the extend of which 2 things are related or predict each other, cannot explain why
30
double blind
neither the researcher or participant know the treatment or procedure
31
descriptive
used to observe and record behavior
32
ethics code of the APA
informed consent, protect from unnecessary harm, confidentiality, and debrief
33
Testing effect
enhanced memory from retrieving information
34
SQ3R
study, question, read, retrieve, review
35
the scientific method helps to
Summarize, organize, and analyze data to avoid bias
36
positive correlation
both variables are going in the same direction
37
Negative correlation
Both variables are going in opposite directions
38
independent variable
the manipulated variable
39
Dependent variable
the unmanipulated variable
40
random sample
taking a small group out of a larger group that is still representative
41
generalization
something that can be applied to another situation or experiment
42
Franz Gall
studied Phrenology, which is bumps in the skull
43
Pathways
The way our neuro pathways change and adapt as we grow and learn
44
neurons
the building block of the nervous system
45
cell body
supports the cell and contains the nucleus
46
dendrite
the long spikes that receive information from other neurons
47
axon
the extension that passes messages through the neuron
48
myelin sheath
the fatty protective layer around the axon that accelerates that electric impulses
49
glial cells
support and nourish neutrons
50
Sir Charles Sherrington discovered
the synapse gap
51
neurotransmitters
Chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gap and transfer to a new neuron
52
Central Nervous System
the brain and spinal chord
53
Peripheral Nervous System
holds sensory and motor neurons that connect the rest of the body to the CNS
54
Endocrine System
The slow Chemical communication system
55
Hormones
chemical messengers that go through the blood stream
56
Everything psychological is simultaneously
biological
57
Action Potential
the minimum level that must be reached for a neuron to fire. it is an electrical charge that fires through the axon
58
threshold
the measure of an excitatory neutron v inhibitory neutron
59
how many connections are within one neutron
10,000
60
how many neurons are in the body
10's of billions
61
sensory neurons
carry incoming information
62
motor neurons
carry out information
63
pituitory gland
controls growth and endophins
64
seretonin
effects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal
65
Dopamine
effects learning, emotion, memory and movement
66
autonomic nervous system
automatic body functions
67
Somatic nervous system
controls extremities and skeletal movements
68
Lesions
natural or experimental destruction of the brain tissue
69
EEG
recording of electrical wave activity across the brain
70
MEG
measure of the magnetic field activity in the brain
71
PET scan
A display of the brain activity while the brain does a task through radioactive glucose
72
MRI
Magnetic fields and radio waves are used to produce a computer generated picture of the soft tissue anatomy of the brain
73
FMRI
Reveals the blood flow of the brain
74
Brainstem
the oldest part of the brain, responsible for automatic /survival functions
75
Medulla
controls heartbeat and breathing
76
Pons
Coordinates movements and sleep
77
Thalamus
egg shaped structures that act as the sensory control center
78
Reticular formation
a nerve network that controls the thalamus and controls arousal
79
cerebellum
Processes sensory output, coordinates movements and balance, as well as non verbal learning and memory
80
limbic system
the neural system associated with emotion and drive
81
amygdala
neural clusters linked to emotion
82
hypothalmus
governs the endocrine system, directs several maintenance functions, and is linked to emotion and rewards and helps remain in homeostasis
83
Nucleus accumbens
reward senory
84
Hippocampus
helps process facts of events and memories, decreases in size with age
85
Acetycholine
paralyzes muscles, botox
86
nerepinepherene
controls alertness and arousal
87
glutamate
major excitatory
88
GABA
major inhibitor
89
eendorphins
Influences pain and pleasure
90
Neurotransmitters are like
a lock and key
91
Agonist
acts like a neurotransmitter and blocks the reaction
92
Antagonist
acts like a neurotransmitter and enhances the reaction

Intro to Psych (5 decks)

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