Development- Birth to 5(chapter 5) Flashcards
(39 cards)
Prenatal Sensorimotor Integration
Conception to birth
neonatal reflexes are present, but not fully developed
innate tactile, prop, and vestibular reactions
Response to sound at 24 weeks of gestation
0-3 Months Sensorimotor
Sensory Systems becoming more refined
Vision: responds to human faces and high contrast 10 inches away
Auditory: Developing to voices
Prone: turning head side to side, lifting head in midline, bear weight on forearms, bends hips with bottom in air
Supine: turning head side to side, tucks chin and extends neck, flattens body against supported surface
When held in sitting: bobs head side to side, rounded back, holds head steady, hips bent with shoulders in front of hips
Standing: takes some weight on legs when held in position, 2-3 months legs may gave away
Feeding: Rhythmic sucking pattern
0-3 Months Fine Motor
Reaching: swiping at objects with a closed fist in supine, begins to direct arm movements while supine. brings hands to midline for objects while supine
Grasp: reflexive grasp, may have voluntary grasp upon contact, flexed wrist using ulnar side
Object manipulation and release: held in pal to visualize, moves object towards and away from face
Rolling (3 months): accidentally rolls from prone to side, rolls from supine to side
4-6 months Sensorimotor
Tactile and prop system still being refined
Increased interest in the world
Visual and tactile systems become integrated
Play begins at midline
Prone: bears weight and shifts onto extended arms, shifts weight onto the forearm and reaches forward, lines prone with hips and legs extended
Supine: no head lag when pulled to sitting, lifts head independently, kicks legs, brings hands to feet and feet to mouth, reaches for toy with one or both hands
Sitting supported: sits alone momentarily, increased back extension, sits by propping forward on arms, wide base and legs bent
Standing: demonstrates increased capability to bear weight, needs less supports, legs outward and apart, bounces
Rolling: rolls purposefully from prone to supine, uses R and L legs to roll from supine to side and prone, can roll sequentially across the room
Feeding: string sucking, good lip closure, tongue moves up and down, munching occurs, takes cereal or poured baby food from spoon
5 Months fine motor and cog
Reaching: successfully reaches desired objects and uses both hands at midline against the body, moves arms and hands further away from the body while supine, weight shifts while in prone on one arm while reaching with other for object with closed fist
Grasp: develops palmar grasp, places finger on the tips of an object, and presses it to the palm with the thumb adducted
Object manipulation: coordinated movements to manipulate object with one hand holding and other performing movement, two stage transfer to release an object
Object use: child focuses on action performed with objects (banging or shaking)
6 month fine motor
Reaching: increased dissociation of body sides, uses more open hand, more direct reach, and successfully grasps when supine, weight shifts to one side while prone to reach and grasp desired object
Grasp: develops radial-palmar grasp
presses finger on the far side of an object against their opposed thumb and the radial side of the palm, with wrist bent
Grasping Pellet: begins swiping and raking a pellet-sized object
Feeding: attempts to hold bottle but may not retrive it, holds and tries to eat cracker, grabs at spoon but plays with it or sucks on it
7-9 months Sensorimotor
All sensory system responses increase
Prone: lifts chest and thighs off surface, exhibits airplane posturing, pivots into prone, moves from prone to sitting
Supine: equilibrium reactions
Sitting: rotates UB keeping LB still, sits well without support, increased variety of sitting positions, plays in sitting, wide base of support when completing more challenging activities
Standing: pulls to standing using furniture, kneeling then half-kneeling, rotates trunk, LE are more active
Crawling: crawls forward on belly, then reciprocally creeps
Walking: cruises sideways, cruises around furniture, slightly in intended direction
7-9 months fine motor and cognition
reaching: weight shifts on hands and knees to reach for and grasp desired object with one UE, 9 months- reaches with one or two hands while prone and on their hands and knees
Grasp: radial palmar grasp with wrist extended (7 months), develops radial digital grasp with space between thumbs and finger tips, wrist extended (9 months)
Pellet grasp: inferior pincer grasp at 9 months
Object manipulation and release: sequential actions are done, one stage transfer to release object (7 months), voluntary release develops
Writing: mouth writing utensils, crinkled paper
Feeding: beginning of mastication of soft foods, diagonal jaw movements, lateral tongue movements, able to drink from a cup, consumes soft foods that dissolve in the mouth, begins to finger feed (9 months)
Object use: child explores characteristics of objects (pulling, tearing, poking)
10-12 months Sensorimotor
Tactile and prop responses improve
Auditory, tactile and prop perceptions are heightened
Increased self-feeding
Sitting: protective extension backwards, developed trunk control
Standing: pulls into standing with legs only, stands alone momentarily, can shift weight onto one leg while side stepping
Creeping: Creeps well on hands and feet, can creep on variety of surfaces and directions
Walking: stoops and recovers in play, walks purposefully with hand held, reaches for furniture out of reach, cruises in either direction
10-12 months fine motor and cognition
Grasp of Pellet: develops pincer grasp (10 months), develops fine pincer grasp (12 months)
Manipulation and Release of Object: voluntary release is refined and progresses into a large container to a precise release into a small container
Feeding: jaw is firm, rotary chewing, finger feeds self a portion of meal containing soft table foods, and food if fed by an adult
Object use: child notices relation between complex action and consequences (opening doors) and differential use of schemes based on toy (pushing train)
1 year old
Tactile perceptions become more precise
Symbolic gesturing and vocalization begin
Walking: walks independently, uses wide based gait, can start and stop, falls frequently, runs stiffly
Climbing: climbs on and off surfaces, creeps up stairs
1 year old Fine motor and feeding
Object manipulation and release: more precise release into small containers, finger to palm translation is used to complete linear movement of an object, and the complexity of manipulation of objects is increased
Writing: Scribbling emerges without intent to draw something, cylindrical grasp comes first, and then with a palmar-supinate grasp, writing tool held with fisted hand with wrist slightly flexed, arm moves as a unit
Feeding: tongue movements increase to include elevation, rotary chewing is well coordinated, biting sustained, dips the spoon in food, and brings food to the mouth
Object use: acts on object with variety of schemes
1 year old ADL
Tolieting: knows when soiled, cooperates with diaper changes, regular bowel movements
Dressing: cooperates with the person dressing, lifts arms for shirts, extends legs for pants, removes own socks, and begins to remove shoes
2 year old Gross motor
Stairs: walking up stairs with some support, bringing one foot at a time to each step, walks down stairs without support
Jumping: jumps down from a step
2 year old fine motor
Grasp and Release: Palm to finger translation with stabilization is used to complete linear movement, simple rotation is used to turn or roll object held at the finger pads
Writing: digital- pronate grasp, writing tool held at the fingers’ wrist neutral with slight ulnar deviation, arm moves as a unit, scribbles in repetitive manner, imitates vertical, horizontal, and circles
Scissors: shows interest in scissor skills, holds and snips, open and closes in controlled fashion
Feeding: able to eat and chew most foods, able to drink from a cup with a firm jaw, demonstrates interest in the use of a fork, may stab at food, proficient spoon use
Object use: child links multi scheme combinations in sequence (putting food in bow, scooping food, feeding doll)
2 year old ADL
Toileting: regular urination patterns, begins to show interest in training, communicates need to use bathroom with some reminders, may have occasional accidents, needs night time diaper, needs assistance with wiping and washing hands
Dressing: pulls pants down, attempts to don shoes, pulls down and removes pants, dons and doffs pullover shirts, dons jackets but can’t zip/button, unbuttons large buttons or snaps, unzips/zips zipper on track
Household chores: imitates chores, follows directions to pick up items and put away, wipes up spills, fills pets food dish
3 year old Gross Motor
Stairs: walks up and down stairs alternating feet
jumping: jumps off the floor with both feet, gallops
3 year old fine motor
Object manipulation and release: shift is sued to perform movement of an object on the finger surfaces
Writing: static tripod posture, hand moves as a unit, no fine localized movement of digits, grasp proximal
Drawing: scribbles and starts to draw from recognizable, simple shapes, draws humans with one to three features, and interpretations are made after drawing is finished
Scissors: starts to cut jagged snips, able to cut straight and curved lines with a guide, cut simple circles with a helper hand
Object use: child links schemes with complex script
3 year old ADL
Toileting: can toilet on own, may need help with wiping and clothing fasteners, less frequent accidents
Dressing: dons slippers and shoes, dons pants, dons and doffs shirts, buttons series of 3-4 buttons, zips zippers, unbuckles belts
Same IADL as 2 year old
4 year old gross motor
Jumping: jumps over objects, hops on one foot
4 year old fine motor
object manipulation: same as 3 yr old
Writing: developing dynamic tripod gasp, MCP joints stabilizied with localized movements from PIP joints, copies some letters and numbers, possibly name
Scissors: cuts simple geometric shapes
Drawing: intentionally draws a picture to represent what they want to produce, elements are shapes of the picture are distinct but may have some errors (sizing), draws humans with more complete features
4 yr old ADL
Toileting: has daytime and night control, independently uses toilets, wipes and pulls up clothing, remembers to flush and wash hands
Dressing: independently dresses and undresses UB and LB, pulls belt through loops and buckles, minimal assistance with fasteners and tying shoes
IADL: prepares simple cold meals, sets and clears the table, empties the dishwasher, sorts laundry, and dusts and rakes leaves
5 year old gross motor
Jumping: hopping in a straight line, skipping on alternating feet
5 year old fine motor
Writing: dynamic tri-pod grasp, can write their name using uppercase and lowercase letters
Scissors: cuts a variety of shapes and progressively more complex shapes
Drawing: intentionally draws pictures with multiple details that reflect interests and experiences, draws pictures of human figures with distinct human features, and additional unique characteristics
