Development of Digestive System

Question 1

lateral plates fold and meet at midline into the embryo forming the

Answer 1

primitive gut tube

Question 2

cranial fold will incorporate the part of the endoderm (primitive gut tube) forming the

Answer 2

foregut

Question 3

remains in contact with the yolk stalk because it is not completely enclosed by the lateral plates of mesoderm

Answer 3

midgut region

Question 4

caudal fold incorporates endodermal tissue which will become

Answer 4

hindgut region of the primitive gut tube

Question 5

the ____ of the primitive gut tube develops into the epithelial lining and glands of the digestive system

Answer 5

endoderm

Question 6

the ____ develops into smooth muscle, connective tissue, and outer layers of abdomen organs

Answer 6

splanchnic mesoderm

Question 7

depressed area of surface ectoderm that develops near the anteriormost endoderm of the foregut

Answer 7

stomodeum

Question 8

depression in ectoderm that forms near the caudal end of the hindgut

Answer 8

proctodeum (lower anus)

Question 9

elongates and develops into the pharynx, esophagus, thyroid, stomach, and the proximal portion of the duodenum

Answer 9

foregut

Question 10

all foregut organs, except pharynx, respiratory epithelium and esophagus, are vascularized by branches of

Answer 10

celiac artery

Question 11

at what week does the stomach in for foregut rotate 90* clockwise @ the long axis

Answer 11

week 4

Question 12

the enlarged dorsal border of the stomach will become

Answer 12

the greater curvature of the stomach

Question 13

during the stomach rotation, ventral border rotates ___ and dorsal border rotates ____

Answer 13

ventral -> right

dorsal -> left

Question 14

as the stomach rotates, it pulls the dorsal mesentery to the LEFT forming the

Answer 14

omental bursa (lesser sac)

Question 15

large recess in the peritoneal cavity

Answer 15

omental bursa

Question 16

liver and bilary duct system arise from the ____ within the ventral mesentery

Answer 16

foregut

Question 17

in week 4 of the liver production, a ______ forms which is connected to the _______

Answer 17

hepatic diverticulum, septum transversum

Question 18

what are the two parts the hepatic diverticulum divide into

Answer 18

1. cranial portion

2. smaller caudal portion

Question 19

all ligaments that attach to the liver are derived from

Answer 19

ventral mesentery

Question 20

the liver is covered with visceral peritoneum except at the

Answer 20

bare area

Question 21

pancreas forms a ___ and ___ pancreatic bud

Answer 21

dorsal and ventral

Question 22

head of pancreas and uncinate process is which bud of the pancreas

Answer 22

ventral

Question 23

body and tail of the pancreas is which bud

Answer 23

dorsal bud

Question 24

failure in fusion of the pancreatic duct system lead to an

Answer 24

accessory pancreatic duct

Question 25

2nd half of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and portions of the large intestine are developed from

Answer 25

midgut

Question 26

midgut structures are vascularized by branches of what

Answer 26

superior mesenteric artery

Question 27

week 6, midgut elongates, U shaped loop of the gut projects into the umbilical cord

Answer 27

physiological umbilical herniation

Question 28

within the umbilical cord, the midgut loop forms a ____ and ____ limb

Answer 28

caudal and cranial

Question 29

________ 90 degree rotation around the SMA occurs bringing the cranial limb to the right and caudal loop to the left

Answer 29

counterclockwise

Question 30

10 weeks, intestines will return to abdomen and in there rotates an additional ____ around ___ called ____

Answer 30

180 degrees around SMA | physiological midgut hernia reduction

Question 31

physiological umbilical hernia anomaly: protrusion of abdominal organs without involving the umbilical cord, through a linear defect in abdominal wall

Answer 31

gastroschisis

Question 32

physiological umbilical hernia anomaly: persistence of the herniated abdominal contents into the proximal umbilical cord

Answer 32

congenital omphalocele

Question 33

yolk sac is initially wide communication with the midgut that gets compressed into a stalk when folding into cylindrical embryo occurs. the stalk may persist as a diverticulum off the ILEUM or as a cord from the umbilicus. cord may be fibrous or may have a cyst

Answer 33

meckel's diverticulum

Question 34

innervation of the hindgut

Answer 34

p/s: pelvic splanchnic S2-S4 | sym: superior hypogastric plexus via IMG

Question 35

hindgut structures are vascularized via

Answer 35

inferior mesenteric artery

Question 36

week 7, caudal part of hindgut, the ____, is divided by the urorectal septum into the urogential sinus (urethra and bladder) and the rectum

Answer 36

cloaca (closes off anus)

Question 37

superior 2/3 anal canal derived from

Answer 37

hindgut (columnar epith)

Question 38

inferior 1/3 anal canal derived from

Answer 38

proctodeum (stratified squamous epith)

Question 39

what line indicated the zone transition of endoderm to ectoderm where anal membrane once was

Answer 39

pectinate line

Question 40

what mesentery extends from the lower esophagus to the cloacal region

Answer 40

dorsal

Question 41

double layer of dorsal mesentery forming an apron that attaches at the greater curvature of the stomach and at the transverse colon is

Answer 41

greater omentum

Question 42

limited structure that is only found around the liver

Answer 42

ventral mesentery

Question 43

between the liver and anterior abdominal wall is, ventral mesentery becomes the

Answer 43

falciform ligament

Question 44

caudal end of falciform ligament becomes the _____ (_____ in adult_ carrying what kind of blood

Answer 44

round ligament of the liver (ligamentum teres) | oxygenated

Question 45

between the stomach and liver is the

Answer 45

lesser omentum

Question 46

lesser omentum is comprised of what two adult ligaments

Answer 46

hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal (portal triad)

Question 47

surrounding the bare area of the liver, ventral mesentery becomes

Answer 47

R an L triangular ligaments and coronary ligament

Question 48

structures posterior to abdominal wall end up behind the

Answer 48

parietal peritoneum

Question 49

parietal peritoneum thus becomes

Answer 49

retroperitoneal

Question 50

kidneys, 3/4 of duodenum, and pancreas are located where

Answer 50

retroperitoneum

Question 51

what 3 veins drain into the sinus venous

Answer 51

1. vitelline veins 2. common cardinal veins 3. umbilical veins

Question 52

veins that drain the yolk sac and become portal system

Answer 52

vitelline veins

Question 53

drains the anterior cardinal vein and posterior cardinal vein, and become the systemic venous system

Answer 53

common cardinal vein

Question 54

vein that receives oxygenated blood from the placenta. obliterates and becomes the ligamentum teres of the liver

Answer 54

umbilical vein

Question 55

what are the arteries that supply the yolk sac

Answer 55

vitelline arteries

Question 56

the vitelline arteries later become

Answer 56

celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric arteries

Question 57

arteries that carry lesser oxygenated blood obliterate and become medial umbilical ligametns

Answer 57

umbilical arteries