GI Histo I

Question 1

tongue: skeletal muscle is covered with what kind of membrane

Answer 1

mucous

Question 2

elevations of oral epithelium on the dorsal surface called

Answer 2

papilla

Question 3

taste buds are found on ____ of the papilla

Answer 3

some

Question 4

papillae types: no taste buds, conical in appearance; increase friction between tongue and food and is keratinized. FOUND ALL OVER TONGUE

Answer 4

filiform papillae (dorsal fins of a shark)

Question 5

papillae types: have some taste buds; FOUND AT MARGINS OF TONGUE

Answer 5

fungiform papillae (surrounding it are filiform papillae)

Question 6

papillae types: found on the posterior aspect of the tongue, have Ebner’s glands and many taste buds

Answer 6

(circum) vallate papillae (mushrooms that have tilted over)

Question 7

papillae types: poorly developed in humans and have many taste buds

Answer 7

foliate papillae

Question 8

structures containing taste cells; onion shaped with microvilli, rest in the basal lamina

Answer 8

taste bud

Question 9

how many teeth in adult mouth

Answer 9

32 permanent

Question 10

teeth are divided into 2 parts

Answer 10

1. crown - above gum

2. root - below gingiva; keeps tooth in alveolar socket

Question 11

what are the 5 components of teeth

Answer 11

1. enamel
2. cementum
3. dentin
4. pulp
5. periodontium

Question 12

surrounds the crown and is produced by AMELOBLAST cells (hardest substance in the body)

Answer 12

enamel

Question 13

surrounds the root and is produced by CEMENTOBLASTS

Answer 13

cementum

Question 14

deeper than both enamel and cementum and is produced by ODONTOBLASTS

Answer 14

dentin

Question 15

highly vascularized and innervated. PAIN SENSITIVE (lowest part is where root canal is performed)

Answer 15

pulp

Question 16

part that keeps tooth in the socket

Answer 16

periodontium

1. alveoli bone
2. periodontal ligament
3. cementum
4. gingiva

Question 17

alimentary canal: 4 layers

Answer 17

1. mucosa
2. submucosa
3. muscularis externa
4. serosa/adventitia

Question 18

alimentary canal: blood vessels, lymphoid tissue and meissner’s plexus

Answer 18

submucosa

Question 19

alimentary canal: smooth muscle layers which function in peristalsis (inner- circular, outer - longitudinal) and auerbach’s (myenteric plexus)

Answer 19

muscularis externa

Question 20

controls motility of the mucosal layer and secretions from the glands (post gang p/s)

Answer 20

Meissner’s plexus

Question 21

controls motility of the smooth muscle wall and also has post gang p/s

Answer 21

auerbach’s myenteric plexus

Question 22

alimentary canal: outermost layer - with connective tissue only called ____

Answer 22

serosa/adventitia

adventitia

Question 23

what are the 4 walls of the esophagus

Answer 23

1. mucosa
2. submucosa
3. muscularis externa
4. adventitia/serosa

Question 24

esophagus: stratified squamous epithelium (non-keratin)

Answer 24

mucosa

Question 25

esophagus: has submucosal glands called esophageal glands proper

Answer 25

submucosa

Question 26

esophagus: upper 1/3 vs lower 1/3

Answer 26

muscularis externa upper : skeletal lower : smooth

Question 27

what are the 4 anatomic regions of the stomach

Answer 27

1. cardia 2. fundus 3. body 4. pylorus

Question 28

the ___ and ___ are identical histologically in the stomach

Answer 28

body and fundus

Question 29

what are the 3 different glands observed in the stomach

Answer 29

1. cardiac 2. gastric (fundic/body) 3. pyloric

Question 30

the muscularis externa of the stomach has 3 layers

Answer 30

1. internal oblique 2. middle circular 3. outer longitudinal smooth

Question 31

gastric gland: shallow crypts with coiled bases

Answer 31

cardiac glands

Question 32

gastric gland: long and tubular with 3 distinct regions: isthmus, neck and base

Answer 32

gastric (fundic) glands

Question 33

gastric gland - fundic gland region: parietal cells, chief cells and enteroendocrine cells which secrete serotonin here

Answer 33

base

Question 34

what are the 5 different cells of the fundus

Answer 34

1. undifferentiated cells 2. mucous neck cells 3. parietal cells 4. chief cells 5. enteroendocrine cells

Question 35

fundus: neck of gland, oval basal nuclei, distinct nucleolus, mitotic, stem cells, surface cells survive 3-7 days

Answer 35

undifferentiated cells

Question 36

fundus: basal irregular nuclei, mucous granules

Answer 36

mucous neck cells

Question 37

fundus: found in the upper half of glands, many mitochondria, eosinophilic staining

Answer 37

parietal cells | - produce HCL

Question 38

fundus: mostly at base of glands, basophilic ribosomes

Answer 38

chief cells | - produces pepsinogen and lipase

Question 39

fundus: secrete serotonin and found at the base of glands

Answer 39

enteroendocrine cells

Question 40

what 3 cells are seen in the pyloric glands

Answer 40

1. mucous cells 2. gastrin cells 3. D cells

Question 41

pyloric: secrete lysozyme - pale staining and most plentiful

Answer 41

mucous cells

Question 42

pyloric: found at the base of the base of the which secretes gastrin

Answer 42

gastrin cells | - gastrin leads to increase HCL output

Question 43

pyloric: secrete somatostatin which inhibits gastrin secretion

Answer 43

D cells

Question 44

the crypts of the small intestine have what 6 cells

Answer 44

1. stem cells 2. absorptive cells 3. goblet cells 4. paneth cells 5. membranous epithelial cells (peyer's patches) 6. endocrine hormone cells

Question 45

small intestine: in the submucosa of the duodenum that secrete alkaline substance to help neutralize the acidic pH from the stomach

Answer 45

brunner's glands (duodenal glands)

Question 46

small intestine: mucosa and submucosa fold into

Answer 46

plicae circularis or valves (folds) of Kerckring

Question 47

small intestine: lymphatic channel that absorbs dietary fats in the villi

Answer 47

lacteal

Question 48

which cell of the SI will you see with micovilli

Answer 48

absorptive cells | - apical surface in brush border

Question 49

which cell of the SI is - few in duodenum, many in ileum - produce acid mucous to protect and lubricate epithelum

Answer 49

goblet cells

Question 50

which cell of the SI is on the basal area of the gland and is an exocrine serous cell

Answer 50

paneth cells

Question 51

function of SI cells: basophilic cytoplasm, eosinophilic granules containing _____

Answer 51

lysozyme

Question 52

cells of the SI that have hormones such as: gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin, somatostatin, motilin, etc.

Answer 52

enteroendocrine cell (APUD cell or DNES cell)